| After the liberation, the country has carried on the nationwide scale distributes land take the average after the content land reform movement from 1949 to 1953. It starts to carry on in the countryside by the agricultural production movement to organize cooperatives, the rural credit movement to organize cooperatives, the countryside cooperativization of handicrafts, the countryside supply and sales cooperation changes into the method and the content socialist transformation movement. It attempted that carries on peace by this in the countryside the socialist revolution and establishment socialist economy system in countryside. In above four kind of countryside cooperativization movement, the agricultural production movement to organize cooperatives and the countryside supply and sales movement to organize cooperatives which are the most important.Speaking of the agricultural production movement to organize cooperatives, during short 5 years from 1953 to 1958, down to our country countryside has then realized by the individual peasant system of ownership to the mutual aid group, the elementary agricultural producers' cooperative, the advanced agricultural producer's cooperative people's commune's transition. At that time, the country thought that the people's commune is the highest type agricultural producers' cooperative. It is the communism embryonic form. Its establishment and consolidated will promote the agricultural production development enormously. But our country cooperativization of agriculture's practice indicated from 1953 to 1983 that cooperativization of agriculture's original intention has not been able to realize the cooperativization of agriculture is specially the people's commune system which integrates government administration with commune management has caused our country's agricultural productive forces large scale enhancement. On the contrary, before actually causes our country's agricultural production not to pace back and forth for a long time and once had the grain deficient difficult aspect. During has many experiences to be worth us remembering, only it is can cause the contemporary our country's socialism new rural reconstruction little to detour.Speaking of the supply and marketing cooperative, under the long-term planned economy systemfrom 1949 to 1991. All levels of Supply and marketing cooperative was throughout below our country county the countryside circulation of commodities main channel. It domain held the pivotal status in the catering business, service industry, the pure commercial. Only from 1992 the socialist market economic system's preliminary was establishment. All levels of supply and marketing cooperative was specially the county. The township two level of supply and marketing cooperatives only then day after day declines. Under planned economy system, all levels of supply and marketing cooperative has monopolized the national countryside circulation of commodities. Although on the surface looked that resembles the farmer own cooperative economy organization, but it has obviously "government operated" the nature in the actual operation process. Only to a great extent on behalf of national long-term benefits and interests of the whole, but it cannot manifest the farmer populace's local interest well. Sometimes even it has encroached upon the farmer populace's economic interest. It dampened the production team and farmer's production enthusiasm. It does not favor the agricultural production the development. It cannot display the circulation well to the industry and agriculture production positive promoter action. How to avoid and absorb under the planned economy system in supply and sales cooperative enterprise developing process experience in order to do well three agricultural work and accelerates our country socialism new rural reconstruction the step. It has become an urgently needing solution significant theory topic and the practice demand.Started in 1978 under reform and open policy new historical situation, specially in the socialist market economic system gradually established and under the consolidated social economy condition, while "three manys and one insufficiency" the circulation system and the multiplex market pattern's formation, all levels of supply and marketing cooperative declined day by day. But other country in the world agricultural development's history indicated that each kind of cooperative society in accelerates to realize the traditional farming to the modern agriculture conversion process. It holds the quite important status and the function. Contemporary Western Europe, North America, South America, African, Northern Europe, Asia's some countries and local countryside each kind of cooperative society is very developed. Countryside service is displaying effectiveness which estimates with difficulty in the agricultural economy development, the rural reconstruction, the farmer lives the improvement as well as the agricultural production, countryside domains and so on circulation of commodities. If our country wants to realize by the traditional farming to the modern agriculture transformation, advance the agricultural growth way two fundamentals to transform smoothly and avoid the farmer populace isolated house rushing to the market, only or being compelled to be involved in the market flood tide. So that own benefit receives the strong trend community infringement repeatedly the passive aspect appearance. It realizes the national economy to continue to develop as well as society's harmony steadily is stable. We must accelerate each kind of rural cooperative's establishment and the development. It causes the farmerhas the genuine farmer all in carries on benefit gambling with other social strata in the process. The farmer to govern the cooperative economy organization which the folk mass organization, the farmer profits and maintains the farmer populace well vital interest. Therefore, under the discussion reform and open policy situation the supply and marketing cooperative declines the reason and the lesson. It proposed that the revival supply and sales cooperative enterprise's new theory, the new countermeasure and so on, appear especially urgent.The present paper may say that is the historical data is full and accurate in the content. The structure is reasonable. Orderliness is clear. What because this article studies is Nanyang county's supply and marketing cooperative from 1949 to 2010. The time span is very long. Therefore this article has adopted according to the time sequence organization full text. It takes longitudinal "the strip" as the main clue. It carries on the elaboration to Nanyang county's supply and sales cooperative enterprise the technique. The article is divided ten parts. The first part is an introduction. Last part is a conclusion. Other eight parts are the main text. The main text are divided eight chapters:the first chapter reviewed 1949 before simply our country's cooperative enterprise history. The second chapter has studied the people's republic of China foundation time Nanyang County supply and marketing cooperative. The third chapter elaborated the socialist transformation time Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative. The fourth chapter has discussed the Great Leap Forward time Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative. The fifth chapter has proven the national economy adjustment time Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative. The sixth chapter has analyzed the Great Cultural Revolution time Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative. The seventh chapter narrated paced back and forth the two year Nanyang county's supply and marketing cooperative. Since the eighth chapter has studied the reform and open policy Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative. The article was established each historical period Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative's service, the human affairs, the plan, the statistics, the finance since the second chapter to the eighth chapter to new China and so on to carry on the narration, the analysis and the research. Simultaneously also to under the supply and marketing cooperative leadership and the management sideline in the countryside, the village market trade, the countryside small traders and peddlers and so on has conducted the research. Since has explored fore-mentioned new China to be established in seven different times the Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative's characteristic, the rule as well as it in Nanyang County's agriculture, the trade, the industry, the sideline in the countryside, the farmer lives the status and the function, reappears 60 remaining years of life to come the Nanyang County supply and marketing cooperative's winding development process. It summarizes Nanyang county the national supply and sales cooperative enterprise's experience. It proposed solution present age Nanyang County as well as the nation supply and marketing cooperative's difficult aspect countermeasure and the theory.Certainly, this article only writes "the strip" by no means in the content. It does not write "the block". While conducts the longitudinal study, this article adopts the vertical and horizontal relationships union the technique,in the conclusion part by "the block" primarily, divided the topic from the service, the system, the management, the sideline in the countryside, the village fair, the countryside businessman, the supply and marketing cooperative and the national relations, the supply and marketing cooperative and the industry and agriculture production relations, the supply and marketing cooperative and farmer's relations and so on eight aspects. It has carried on the crosswise summary down to promulgated 60 remaining years of life to come Nanyang county in the national supply and sales cooperative enterprise developing process general character and the universal law.The present paper has the creativity in the research results and the argument viewpoint aspect. Through eight chapter of main text's detailed narrations and the proof, the article proposed the following innovative viewpoint in the conclusion. It summarized 60 remaining years of life to come, even for 100 year China cooperative enterprise's experience, to our country future cooperative enterprise's healthy development. It has the significant theory value and the practice significance.Firstly, changed the tradition to lead the cooperative enterprise total repudiation viewpoint which to Kuomintang the national government carried out. The article pointed out that the national government carries out the cooperative enterprise has some good experience to be worth us using for reference very much. For example, pays great attention cooperative enterprise's public education, not only carries on the official public education, moreover allows the folk mass organization, the privately operated publication, the folk outstanding person and so on to carry on about activities and so on cooperative enterprise's propaganda, education, foundation; The attention raises and entrusts with heavy responsibility outside the political power system the cooperative society theoreticians and the cooperation activist; Makes and implements all levels of each kind of cooperation law, the laws and regulations, moreover places the cooperation legislation's basic point the related cooperative society which the international society recognizes basic in principle. For example, the unity, the cooperation, the mutual benefit, the cooperation, the union, voluntary, the equality, the freedom, the democracy, the universal love. It takes do not gain as the goal and so on many aspects; In the government and in cooperative society's relations, the government insists throughout to each kind of cooperative society. Although "priming", but "the generation does not move" the policy namely the government is only carries on the instruction, the surveillance, the help to the cooperative society, but meddles cooperative society's human affairs, the service, the finance not directly and so on. This enables the national government time each kind of cooperative society in a big way to have "managed by the people" the nature.Secondly, this article holds the very straight book. Thought that from 1953 to 1983 our country carried out the cooperativization of agriculture movement which and maintained, It based on this as well as established the people's commune system was by no means perfect. But was the fault is bigger than successfully, the lesson was bigger than the experience. The author pointed out that in cooperativization of agriculture's foundation the establishment and the long-term maintenance's agriculture big collective economy and the people's commune system. It has not accelerated our country agriculture modernization realization with the agricultural productive forces enhancement, but has surpassed the productive forces development actual level and the farmer populace's ideological awareness level. It does not favor agricultural and the sideline in the countryside development. It causes our country agriculture to be in for a long time chronic paces back and forth with the slow development. The farmers' income cannot have the enhancement. They lives maintains for a long time at the warm and sufficient condition line high and low. Some part of production teams only give the member of society to assign the grain ration since long, but does not have one cash dividend.Thirdly, this article does not cover wickedly, not the empty US's school tradition. It pointed out for the first time under planned economy system's supply and marketing cooperative which is not the farmer populace own cooperative trade organization throughout in the true sense. It in materially is "government operated" the enterprise and government's accessory. In completely is essentially same as the state-operated business. It is the system of ownership by the whole people, in the human, the thing, the wealth aspect implements "the package by the country to match". Is precisely as a result of supply and marketing cooperative's government operated nature. It caused under the planned economy system our country's commercial work to present "the act of government" repeatedly. It caused supply and marketing cooperative this only to use for "the involvement" the city and the countryside "the gripping device" in the actual operation process. It violated the law of value and the exchange of equal value principle repeatedly by "bought in the city and countryside economy exchange, little remains", "little supplies, the price was high" the form deviation city, the cadres and workers, the industry. It neglected and damages the countryside, the agriculture, the farmer. This procedure does not favor maintains the farmer populace's benefit, harms the commercial work "the specialization". It cannot display the circulation well to the production positive reaction and enables Commercial sector's management and operation to sink into the confusion. It has increased Commercial department's loss, the embezzlement, the burglary, aggravated the state finance to the commercial department "the subsidy" the burden.Forthly, this article creatively proposed that under the planned economy system the Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative system's power is not its normal state. The reform and open policy later Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative system's decline is actually its normal state:under the planned economy system. The Nanyang county supply and marketing cooperative system powerful is only one kind "the virtual state". The reason that it is powerful, because the national dependence administration strength is maintaining it at aspect and so on catering business, pure trade, service industry monopolistic positions, the country to farmer's household sideline, the open market, "the businessman" and so on has carried on the strict control. It does not allow the farmer to abandon farming for commerce absolutely, the cadres and workers to abandon labor doing business. Under such background, although the state-operated business and the supply and marketing cooperative are very formidable, but the national trade actually fell into the long-term delay condition, the entire national economy also develops slowly.Later through the reform and open policy, country gave up the dependence administration strength maintenance state-operated business and supply and marketing cooperative's monopolistic position procedure. It allows the farmer to do business, the cadres and workers to do business, the jobless doing business, the opening open market, give up "the businessman" rightly the control. Finally it has formed "the three manys and one insufficiency" in the commercial domain circulation system and multiplex market pattern. Under such background, the supply and marketing cooperative declined, but this kind of decline is precisely it approaches the performance which by "the virtual state" "the reality condition" transforms. Because its decline means that by individual commercial and the private commerce other economic sector's commercial main body's prosperous development primarily. It means city and countryside people may momentarily obtain the satisfied commodity and the fine service. It means that the country got rid because of the atonement supply and marketing cooperative's loss, but shoulders for a long time the financial cloth wrapper. It means that our country's trade has been prosperous. It means that the entire national economy had the prosperous aspect. Indicated that we tried to find out finally a Chinese characteristic's socialist construction path. We has ravelled this most important theory topic which anything is socialism, how the build socialism.
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