Collaborative System Of China's Grain Output And Farmers' Income

In China's high-speed industrialization and urbanization , maintaining grain production stable is helpful for keeping the nation's food security and stabilizing social order. Achieving rapid increase of the farmers'income is the intrinsic request of building well-off society. It is helpful for wealth growth benefiting the largest social groups.Some notable changes are taking place in China's grain production. Rural production factors are flowing into the cities. This trend affects the agriculture accumulation and development. The public investment is not match for the grain industry position. The grain industry has lower profit and weaker competitiveness in the economy. Farming income increases slowly, so the farmers have scarce incentive in grain product. Some rural areas appear non-grain farming, part-time farming and rural settlement hollowization phenomena. Since 2004 the central government has implement a new agricultural policy. The new policy boosted public investment in"three agriculture"fields. Eventually, China has promoted grain growth and the farmers'income increase in recent years. However, the comprehensive grain product capacity has not got break through in the whole. The grain growth depended on excessively policy stimulation and extensive product pattern. Because of low farmers'income, rural-urban income gap is widening. The structure of Farmers'income shows that the agricultural income has contributed limited while wage increase has confronted with numerous difficulties.Rural factors have been flowing into the city excessively and the dual economic has been strengthening continuously. These trends have hindered the efficiency of the grain production and have restrained the farmers'employment in non-farm industry and the development of urbanization. So it is urgent to advance the compelling institutional innovation and then break the dual economic.Chapter 1 expounds the theoretial changes of the grain production and the farmers'income from the different main economic schools, discusses the intrinsic basis, fundamental way, realizing conditions and promoting mechanism of their coordination in the economic view.Chapter 2 from the history of the rural economic systems, analyses how the grain production and farmers'income have been affected by the grain production management system reform, grain circulation system reform, agricultural policy evolutions and the rural labor transfering policy changes .Chapter 3 explains the collaborative and conflict relationships between the grain production and the farmers'income in the different periods by the historical and logical methods, finds that there are not common growth trends between them by quantitative methods.Chapter 4 from the qualitative and quantitative views analyses the terms of the grain production efficiency, the rural production elements circulation, agricultural policy and the industrialization and urbanization effect on their coordination. The low efficiency of grain production weakens their coordination basis. Before 1978 the government has controlled the production elements circulation which bas blocked the farmers'income increase. After the rural reform the production factors can circulate freely and broaden the opportunities. But the excessive factors losses and the lack of factors backflow mechanism which in turn restricts the potential grain output and the farmers'income increase. In recent years the central government has implemented a new agricultural policy. However, it has just promoted the grain production greater than the farmers'income because it can not foundamentally compensate for the grain industry lower-revenue. The rapid development of modern industrialization has boosted the grain growth. The Urbanization has not brought the expansion of the land management. The current industrial development is no longer able to offset negative effect of the increased grain demand in the urbanization. Chinese food security situation is grim. At the same time the industrialization development can promote the farmers'income increase greater than the urbanization.Chapter 5 explains the institutional conditions, conflict crux and systematic root for their coordination change from 1949 to 2009. This research finds if the government paid attention to the grain production and protected the farmers'interests they were coordinated. Chinese government have been protected the farmers'interests by diminishing the price scissors between industrial product and agricultural, reducing tax burden, increasing the grain price, and executing subsidies for them. The institutional supports for their coordination are land reform, a mutual-aid team, rural land right and policy change on the rural labor migration. Before 1978, their conflict crux was the government controlling the rural labor circulation. After 1978 the curxes include the grain product has a lower profit and the rural labor transferring has been hindered. Before 1978, the institutional root for their conflict is dual economic structure. At present the institutional roots are the imperfect rural land system, incomplete rural factor market, imperfect the agricultural policy and dual economic structure.Chapter 6 puts forward the institutional innovations at the new stage which include the promoting farmers'labor division, government guiding the factors circulation properly between the urban and rural areas, improving the agricultural policy, and coordinating the industrialization and urbanization development.This paper draws these conclusions: introducing more modern product elements and reconstructing the farmers'production organizations to promote farmers'labor division; giving the farmers adequate land property right, guiding the capital backflow to the rural areas, offering the farmers fair employment environment; perfecting the agricultural policy, straightening out the grain price forming mechanism and strengthening the financial support; Coordinating the development of industrialization and urbanization, adjusting the industrial structure and developing urbanization more rationally to promoting the farmers'labor division.