At This Stage China's Agricultural And Land Management System

Since the reform and open policy, the establishment of farmland management system by the household contract management as the main component, which has being emancipated the rural productivity greatly; it also has enhanced the efficiency of farmland management efficiency greatly on the basis of fairness, therefore, it's a great system and contribution a lot. However, along with the changing of the countryside microeconomic basis and the macro social environment, also the unceasing release of system effect by the household contract responsibility system, the defects of the system have caused a lot of problems, such as the excessively small operating scale of farmland, the extensive operation way, the low efficiency of the farmland transfer, the low benefit of agrarian operation, and the flaw in land rights and interests for the increased population. These problems become one of major obstacles for the rural economy social development. Therefore, we must advance the farmland operating system's reform and innovation.At present, the domestic experts usually through research for the farmland property rights, the farmland tenure rights system, the contract right of operating system or research on the household contract responsibility system itself to investigate the farmland system, the research results from the view of advancing the farmland operating system's reform and innovation are not many. Some researches are only regarding the concrete form, some are only speaking in generalities, these researches'systematization and theorizes are insufficiently, moreover, the research in the view of fairness and efficiency from the farmland operating system reform and innovation are fewer. Overseas researchers have formed their own theory systems about the farmland operating system, but regarding the unique national condition of China, these researches'values in practice instruction are very small. Therefore, the research of farmland operating system's reform and innovation from the view of fairness and efficiency not only is the need of solving the existing problems and speeding up the agricultural development, but also is a brand-new topic suspending in front of a general fundamental research operators, which needs to study thoroughly.The paper altogether is composed of seven chapters. In the first chapter, the paper has elaborated the research background, the goal and the significance, the domestic and foreign present situation of the correlative researches as well as paper's basic mentality, logical structure and the possible innovation. In the second chapter, the paper has elaborated its theoretical foundation and the analysis frame which are system and the system vicissitude as well as the fair and efficiency theory. At the same time, the paper defined the concept of the farmland operating system and made an analysis to its basic characteristics and the functions.In the third chapter, the paper has elaborated the history track in the evolution of the farmland operating system after the founding of the nation which is the path from the land reform time--farmland farmer all and the family operating, the transition period--farmland farmer all and the co-operation operating, the people's commune time--farmland collective-owned and the collective operating, to farmland collective-owned and the household contract operating after the reform and open policy. And the paper has analyzed the"gambling"between fairness and efficiency in our country farmland operating system's vicissitude, and summarized the correlative enlightenments from it. Then, the paper has evaluated our country's current farmland operating system from fair and efficiency in the fourth chapter, and it has pointed out the questions which it exists, being revealed reasons behind these questions. The reasons mainly are"The main bodies of farmland property rights are fuzzy","The powers of the farmland operating right are incomplete","The mechanism of farmland transfer has its own flaws","The laws about the land system construction are vacancy","The gains by comparison of agriculture are low","The risks of agriculture operating are big","The design, execution and surveillance of agricultural policy have flaws","The rural social insurance systems are incomplete","The farmers love the earth complex and their concepts of law are not strongly", and so on. All factors have deep influences on present system.In order to advance the reform and innovation of farmland operating system and solve its questions effectively, the fifth chapter has analyzed comprehensively and has position of it on the foundation of the previous related fundamental research. Firstly, the chapter has analyzed"Two-field system", the large-scale operating, the auction of the right of"four uncultivated land", the joint stock-cooperative system on farmland, which appeared after the reform and open policy in China. Next, the chapter has analyzed the future direction of the reform and innovation of farmland operating system by using the theories of the new system economic and fair and efficiency. The basic direction is the farmland co-operative system. Namely, the system's basis is property system of farmland collective-owned and the household contract operating system, its achievable form is farmland transfer and moderate scale of farmland, its organization is diversified management form of taking co-operative operating as the core, its assignment system is the fair assignment under the driving guidance. At the same time, the chapter has revealed the expulsive mechanism of the farmland co-operative system, has made the judgment to the feasibility of this system, and had pointed out the fundamental difference which exists between the farmland co-operative system and the agricultural co-operative movement in the system's foundation, the realization form, and the assignment mechanism.Through the theoretical analysis and research previously, the sixth chapter of the paper experimentally has put forward policies and proposals in advancing farmland operating system on the basis of a case's analysis of the farmland co-operative system's practiced form--Xuzhuang's agricultural co-operative association in Shandong Province. The policies and proposals including the principles of the insistence of gradually-like advancement, the voluntary mutual benefit, the operating open, the standard and restraint, the cultivation and support; Revisiting and consummating present farmland system in laws and regulations; Defining farmland property right clearly; Consummating the mechanism of farmland transfer unceasingly; enhancing co-operative organization's standard management; Establishing countryside social security system, the agricultural science and technology service system, the agriculture infrastructure, the agricultural insurance system and so on. Finally, in the seventh chapter, the paper has made the refinement of major points of it and drawn the research conclusion in the front elaborated foundation.