China's Rural Land System Research

I focus on my research work mainly on China's rural land institutional problems because of the Hegel's "beginning" idea. Hegel believes that it must have two key elements as beginning of the concept fields. The one is all-inclusive. The other is that it interpreted by itself. I believe that farmland problem is the "beginning concept" of China's issue field. Rural land problems are the key issue of the agriculture, countryside and farmers in currently violent economic transition period. Every classes and social aspects are involved in the conflicts of the rural land interests. They all want to share more parts of this interests "cake". They all hope that the rural land institution be made are more favorable to them. So, rural land problem is the "beginning" of the Chinese social issues fields.Moreover, the masses regard food as their heaven. Agriculture civilization is all along throughout our country history. It has a long historic tradition. Chinese farmers have the deep affections to the land, one of the most important essential factors of production, which beyond the world of other countries. We would surely maintain a sustained growth, healthy development and lay a solid foundation for the industrialization of the country if we resolve the nationwide rural land issues properly. The paper makes an analysis combining the Marxism principal with China's history and national conditions. China, which doesn't go through the national bourgeoisie legal rights phase, has stepped into socialism with Chinese characteristics from the semi-colonial and semi-feudal society. Although, our social goal is socialism in the long run, now we still experience a society that mixed the feudalism, capitalism and socialism factors. Marxism classical politics economics the proletariat theory and so-called modern economics whicht on behalf of the bourgeoisie are deficient in analysis of our nation's history and currently situation. So, based on the comparison between the two doctrines the author absorb in the Marxism labor's class stand and part of the capitalism market operational mechanism. Taking the farmers as the main part of the economical development, I chiefly analyze the national land rules and regulations from their angles. I focus on the course in which the Chinese farmers get the cultivated land and lost it. The author discuss generally the trend of he nation's rural land property rights institution related to the world of other country rural land regulations, the nation's reform of the economic structure, the nation's reform of the market mechanism and the reform direction of stock cooperative system. The author also analyze the roll of the government in the process of the reform, and point out that the governor must shoulder the responsibilities in earnest in the course of the economic transformation.The paper draws a conclusion that although the nation's rural land institution, the Collective ownership still exist nominally now, which will be changed either in connotation or denotation in the not too distant future. As Marx ever pointed out that society is not a firm crystalline substance but something unstable as water. So, nation's rural land institution would be transformed with the acceleration of the reform and opening up to the outside. The trend of the rural land property ownership reform would develop to two ways: one is the system of state ownership. The other is the system of farmer's ownership. Ultimately, the final outcome lies in the balance of strength between the two sides, and the side who on behalf the advanced productive force will be won. The farmers should find the way to the industrialization of agriculture, large-scale operation of the farmland if they want to have the farmland ownership. Basis on this position, the author suggests that farmers should adopt the shareholders cooperation measure to carry on agriculture production. It is just as doing so that farmers could get out of the poverty trouble.The thesis can be divided into five sections in logic structure. The first section is fundamental principle. In this section, the author interprets the western scholars and Marxism classical writers about property rights and institution theory. And also discuss the meanings, the content, the function and other substance of the rural land institution. The second section is the evolution of the nation's traditional farmland institution.In this section, the author emphasize on the formation background and positive profound significance of the nation's traditional farmland institution from the historic angle. It also probes into the cause of the traditional farmland institution disintegration and collapse. The third section is the study of the present situation of the farmland property rights.In this section, the author discuss the inside and outside circumstances of the present farmland rights institution, probing into the tendency of the reform of the nation's economic system, anal sizing the deep contradictions and deficiencies of the present farmland rights regulations and other things. It also present a new production model of agriculture i.e. employment method in farming production, and give a positive appraisal about this production model. The forth section is the reform thought of the current farmland rights system. In this section, the paper introduces some farmland rights system models of the developed countries and regions and gives a discussion of reform proposal suggested by domestic scholars on farmland rights. Moreover, the author also make preliminary appraisal himself. Finally, the author bring forth his standpoint and point further out that the nation's reform plan should be nation's rural land of farmers-owned as the mainstay combined with multi-group-owned. The fifth section is the policy suggestion of the farmland rights institution. In this section, the paper analyze the importance of the farmland rights policy, putting forward the fundamental principle of the reform of the farmland rights regulation, giving some suggestion on the roll of the government in market economy, and make a suggestion on the complementary measure on reform policy of farmland rights.