Study On The Development Of Agriculture In The First 30 Years Of Prc

Former related research on agriculture development in initial three decades in China mostly focuses on agriculture development at certain times, most of which use cross section analysis. However, agriculture development is a continuous and systemic process, such studies cannot display the whole development process and also is not good for exploring development clues and objective laws. Therefore this paper tries to sorts, indicatives and examines Chinese agriculture development in initial three from a macro-angle of view in order to extract the main development clues and law. Such research has three practical significances: firstly, it is good for changing the present researching situation that pay more attention on three decades after reform rather than on three decades before reform, which provides historical experiences and support to correctly understand the relationship between three decades after reform and three decades before reform; secondly, it is good for provide corresponding historical basis for various agricultural policies have take by government through investigation of relevant historical events; thirdly, it also can provide corresponding historical basis and theoretical support for the present policy that agriculture nourishes industry.In specific research process, this paper firstly parties initial three decades into stages so that the basic analysis framework can be established. Then, around the theme of agriculture development in different historical stages extracts the consequently various policy options and arrangements by Chinese Communist Party and analyzes the actual effect and historical influence produced. In the analytical process, this paper mainly investigates three aspects: firstly, pays more attention to discuses and analyze selection reasons, implementation process, problems, performance and the historical influence of specific policy system in different historical stages; secondly, pays more attention to specifically analyze the problem of the relationship between all sorts of selected policies, including the problem of logical relation and the problem of causality in order to dig out the common reason and action mechanism of various policy arrangements; thirdly, pays close attention to systematically analyze the basic rules, characteristics and the overall situation of agriculture development in different historical stages.The summary of academic history in this paper is as follows:At the founding of the beginning of New China, land reform took liberation of rural productivity, and recovery and development of rural agricultural production as essential starting point and the foothold, which was smoothly and orderly carried out and eventually finished. The reason is because Chinese communist party abandoned the claim of"peaceful reform"and adopted the policy to reduce the cost of reform, which created primary conditions for agricultural economic recovery; the cooperative movement ,closely related to the rural socialist road and national industrialization road at the founding of the beginning of New China, was effectively guided and constantly promoted under the established way of gradually collectivization, which speeded up agricultural economic recovery; measures of accomplishment reflection and urban and rural exchanging goods provided effective safeguard for agricultural economic recovery.In transition period, the establishment of basic program and route of "industrialization" made "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in China carry the high accumulation burden. Therefore, with the urgent demand of industrialization strategy, government took the political movement of class struggle to promote agricultural production cooperative through the classic game among the rich, the middle and the poor peasants. As supporting measures of agricultural cooperation, the policy of state monopoly for purchase and marketing was implanted under the serious contradiction of foods supply and demand which had different consequences in short term and long-term history. Relationship between urban and rural areas starts to transform from "more coordination" into"deteriorate". Although government strengthened the connection between urban and rural areas through administrative ways which made the urban-rural relationship keep forward momentum, it still had great influence to the present situation of the dual structure.With the function of path dependence of various institutional arrangements of "gradually collectivization" thinking, the Great Leap Forward of economic construction and the communalization of rural system sprung up with the large-scale construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy. Just as state monopoly for purchase and marketing of food needing supporting of cooperation, the Great Leap Forward also need the supporting of people's communes. In fact, the rise of people's commutation is related to the consensus by the central leaders that"agricultural production cooperatives are too small to adapt to the requirement of mechanization and irrigation. In addition, it is also good for the construction of the local industry and community welfare working. Although, theoretically people's commune seems good for reducing the transaction costs between government and farmers and increase scale, in fact it itself cannot avoid and solve the problem within farmers. That is to say, expropriate the wealth of the rich team and rich commutation, expropriate the wealth of hard-working peasants and expropriate the benefit of the normal working people. This internal expropriation within rural areas greatly destructed the rural productivity and industrialization which finally made rural economy suffer a serious setback. For that reason, the government start to correct the mistakes in"the Great Leap Forward " and "people's communes". However, with the path dependence of related institutional in primitive accumulation of capital of industrialization, the correcting process was extremely had to take in order to arrive, which eventually led to the serious consequence of famine.In the adjustment period of agricultural economic policy, the state took various measures to strengthen the awareness of the basic position of agriculture. At that time, Zedong Mao realized that the core problem to restore and develop the rural economy is to solve the system problem of the people's commune. Therefore he claimed clearly to devolve the basic accounting unit of people's communes from the original production brigade to production team, which efficiently solved the problem of internal deprivation within the people's commune. Dazhai in agriculture grown up under the history background that foreign aid from the Soviet Union broke up, which also was the demand of national industrialization strategy. It promoted the recovery and development of agriculture whose outstanding performance is in construction of farmland irrigation and water conservancy. It is worth noting, in the process of adjustment, there is a serious divergence in two basic contradictions with the party and the problem of agricultural land cooperation, which caused the education and reorganization in rural ideology ------ socialist education movement under class struggle and the establishment of association of the poor and lower middle class. In fact, these two approaches are good for preventing internal deprivation within farmers. But the socialist education movement under class struggle disturbed in the implantation of rural economic policy in a certain extent, which had paved the way for Cultural Revolution.There still is a controversy on agricultural issue in Cultural Revolution, which also expressed in different routes within top leaders. There even existed some pragmatic approaches in rural areas which is not consistent with Dazhai in agriculture and spontaneous capitalism in rural areas performance in counter-current way. The existence of these controversial contents, in a certain extent, reduced the damage toward agriculture of"Left mistake"and promoted the slow growth of agriculture in constant adjustment, in which the construction of irrigation and water conservancy irrigation obtained great achievements and rural industry developed in certain degree. In this period, the measure that the urban population reverse flowed, which basically aimed to reduce the urban expired cost and service industrialization strategy, was taken temporarily in order to relieve the employment pressure in urban. Rural primary education by was run by production team and the problem of funds, buildings and teachers can't be solved and the education quality cannot be guaranteed. In the period of Culture Revolution, the " cooperative medical service " and "barefoot doctors" with certain defects were universal established , and sharply changed the medical difficulties of farmers, which realized the health fair in maximum under the dualistic society framework. Rural cultural life was completely political activities.On the basis of analysis of agriculture development in different history stages within these three decades, we found that: the initial three years of new China, with agriculture development inside and outside the two major clues. One is to promote traditional agriculture to modern agriculture into the core of the gradual development of internal cues; the second is to meet the needs of national industrialization strategy of the original capital development as the core content of external cues. Development around these two main clues to the initial three decades of New China's "three rural" Review of Development basic. In fact, "agriculture, countryside and farmers" in initial three decades in new China, as a deprive object in the process of accumulating seed capital of industrialization, is not stagnant but is a kind of necessity of accumulating seed capital of industrialization. Therefore,The initial three decades of New China Agriculture and Rural Development of the historical achievements and historical status, should be fully estimated, and to a profound understanding of the inherited problem of "agriculture, countryside and farmers" is a overall problem and the solutions must be outside agriculture and the whole process must be a long-term process which is full of twists and turns. These cognitions are basic theory to judge whether all kinds of policies for "agriculture, countryside and farmers" currently taken by government are scientific.