The Reacher Of Primitive Agricultural Types And Early Chinese Civilization

The study on the history of agricultural civilization gradually becomes a trend of the development of agricultural history.Meanwhile,the study of the history of civilization enters the stage of macro integration.The studies on the history of agriculture and the history of civilization are faced with transition and sublimation to some extent and intersect in the contents.Therefore,it is possible and necessary to explore the relationship between agriculture and civilization.Through the review of the academic history of agricultural history and the classification of the accumulated knowledge of archaeological and history about China's early civilization,we can find that both of these two majors have accumulated numerous research results that can be used as the academic foundation of this research.On this basis,by making the necessary definition and review of the results of researches on agricultural history and civilization history we can: on the one hand,come up with the basic judgment of the division of the types and stages of Chinese primitive agriculture of this research;on the other hand,come up with the basic understanding of symbol of the formation of early civilization and state of this research,and the specific scheme of phase division of Zhong Hua primitive civilization.Thereby,provide the theoretical premise and discourse framework for exploring the relationship between primitive agriculture type and early Zhong Hua primitive civilization.Through exploring the formation of primitive agriculture types and pluralistic origin of primitive civilization,the collision between rice farming and dry farming and the formation of Zhong Hua primitive civilization,the relationship between the fission of agriculture and animal husbandry and the development of Zhong Hua primitive civilization respectively.This research finds:In the late neolithic period,the primitive rice and dry farming were formed in the north and south China respectively almost at the same time.The formation of primitive agriculture enabled the early humans own the ability of separating them from parent ethnic group,surviving and reproducing in different places.The original genetic ethnic group started to grow like cell division in a relatively fixed natural geographical unit and the settlement of the regional center was produced,which evidenced the formation of public power on regional society;Meanwhile,different ethic groups with different consanguinity started contact on the edge of a natural geographical units and geographical factors germinated.The emergence of the public power and geographic factors in different regions in prehistoric time marked the beginning of the early civilizing process and revealed the multiple origins of early civilization.Since the end of the neolithic age,the primitive rice farming and dry farming had generated the collision of different regions and cultures in sustainable development.In the collision of different regions,rice-drought mixed farming type formed;in the collision of different cultures,the there ancient ethic groups: Hua Xia,Miao Man,Dong Yi formed.Different ethic groups with consanguinity adopted different strategies to resist prehistoric flood,which intensified ethnic conflict.From contradiction to conflict to the war,Hua Xia ethic group combined Dong Yi and defeated Miao Man.In the process,Hua Xia ethic group realized ethnic combination,thereby,generated the oldest ancient notion-Hua Xia nation,which,at the same time,provide formation condition of Zhong Hua primitive civilization in Central Plains.In the process of controlling water together with others,Hua Xia nation summarised experiences,adjusted the industrial structure,absorbed heterogeneous groups and finally promoted the formation of Zhong Hua primitive civilization in Central Plains.During the period of Yin Dynasty and Chou Dynasty,the regional differences in the north emerging in the late neolithic age became evident gradually under the stimulation of the dry and cooling climate.Northern regions are gradually divided geographically and culturally.With the transformation from the primitive dry farming type to agricultural type of semi-rural and semi-pastoral to primitive nomadic farming type in the north,Rong Di,Huns formed gradually.In the conflict with Hua Xia nation,some of Western Rong and Northern Di ethic groups took part in the process of construction of Huns under the strike of the Central Plains;Another part integrated into Hua Xia nation and expanded the construction of Hua Xia becoming the external stimulus of the development of Zhong Hua primitive civilization in Central Plains.In Yin Dynasty and Chou Dynasty,under the surrounding of Eastern Yi,Southern Man,Western Rong,Northern Di,“China” as a cultural and political entity,its boundary became clear.So far,the boundary of Hua Xia ethic group forming in the collision of rice farming and dry farming became evident in the fission of agriculture and animal husbandry and finally converged into “Zhong Hua”.In the fission of agriculture and animal husbandry,the Central Plains adopted animal husbandry that has emerged since the end of the neolithic period on the basis of the original dry farming type.The agricultural structure of planting and breeding is transformed into farming and animal husbandry.This,on the one hand,provided the conditions for the transformation of primitive agriculture to traditional agriculture;on the other hand,became an intrinsic driving factor for the further development of Zhong Hua primitive civilization in the central plains.The basic pattern of Chinese civilization has been laid in its early stage.During the collision and fission,the early Chinese civilization advanced to the ancient civilization stage.From the Warring States Time and Han Dynasty,based on three different types of agriculture,three heterogeneous culture types formed gradually: vigorous grassland nomad civilization,profound agricultural civilization,abundant Jiang nan agriculture and fishery civilization.Three types of civilization are different but harmony.In the ancient Chinese civilization stage,had mutual assistance and support,and finally merge together.Multielement because of difference,Oneness because of fusion.Three types of agriculture and civilization blend into a diverse and unitive Zhong Hua civilization.