Study On The Theories And Policies Of New Rural Pension Insurance

"Sense of security" is the most basic desire in old age of every worker. Whether this desire could achieve is the important measure of the level of the social civilization and social harmony, what is also the responsibility of every country which could not avoid. We have entered into the 21st century, but we will find that the pension problems of farmers who are accounting for more than half of the population in China are still excluded from social security system. For the vast majority of the farmers, it seems to be a "luxury" to have a state-provided pension. The family pension is currently still the main form of rural old-age.Family pension is closely linked with the small-business model based peasant economy in the rural areas. At the same time, the farmers have a special feeling about the family pension, because it has a family fun features which another pensions could not replace. With the development of rural society, rural flows accelerates, rural population aging trend is serious, family size become narrow, these changes have brought tremendous impact to the function of family support. The function of family is weakened, but the demand for old-age insurance is increase. It has become pressing needed that put farmers of rural old-age security issues at the center of the reform, comprehensive promote the construction of rural old-age security system. Only old-age security system is established in the countryside, the role of social safety nets can play. Through the establishment of pension insurance system can realize the goal of the redistribution of national wealth, eliminate the negative impact which is the result of urban-rural dual structure and reduce social conflict, create a good and stable society environment for the sustainable development of the Chinese economy. Therefore, in order to stabilize the rural order, develop the rural economy and improve the socialist system, it should establishment of rural endowment insurance system in rural areas.The Chinese government has never stopped the pace of exploring the establishment of rural social pension insurance. When the work of rural social endowment insurance was in trouble which established in 1992, the government still attaches great importance to the work of rural social pension insurance. The 16th party national congress clearly put:"Conditional place should be to explore the establishment of rural social pension, medical insurance and minimum living guarantee system." The Chinese communist party in the 16th third plenary session again said:the social security in rural should base on the family, combine with community security and national relief. It should establish of permit minimum living security system in the rural, when it has economic condition. The goal and one of the important tasks are establishing a social security system which could cover all urban and rural residents in 2020. This goal was proposed in the communist party of China sixth plenary of sixteen sessions. The 17th session of the communist party of China three plenary sessions clearly put forward to establishment of new rural social pension system which based on individual contributions, collective benefits and government subsidies. Our country has formally promulgated the "new rural social pension insurance pilot guidance" in September 2009, which marks the rural social endowment insurance system ushered in a new development.Theorists also paid much attention to the establishment of rural social pension insurance and formed a lot of research results. This study is mainly based on the basis of previous research; the author could just express some superficial opinions about the new rural social pension insurance system.The first part is the introduction. This chapter describes the background, research significance, focus, difficulties, innovation and the lack of reach. It also summarized and briefly commented the research of domestic and foreign scholars on rural social endowment insurance.The second part is the basic theory of establishment of new rural social pension insurance. The new rural social pension insurance system was created with the support of the powerful theories. This chapter from the human rights theory, theory of social justice and efficiency, risk management theory, the urban-rural dual theory, equalization of public services, asset-building theory, theory of structure and function and so on show that the necessity and importance of establishment of new rural social pension insurance system.The third part is the introduction of the basic model rural pension insurance system.166 countries have established a pension insurance system in the world. But there are not the some patterns of old-age insurance, particularly the developing countries and developed countries have large differences of the pattern of old-age insurance. Although the patterns are different, but there are giving better pension protection for farmers in their countries. The main content of this chapter is to introduce the typical model for rural social endowment insurance system in some countries, which, could provide a good experience for our country. First of all, introduce of the developed countries mainly Japan, Germany, the U.S. model, and study their respective characteristics and lessons which can be learned from. Second, introduce of the processes and common characteristics of the developing countries who implement non-contributory old-age insurance system. The typical countries are Mauritius, Costa Rica and Brazil.The forth part is the analysis of the operational status of the new rural pension insurance. This chapter is divided into the following main parts:First, from the national economic and financial capacity, the ability of payments about farmers to analyze the operating conditions of the new rural pension insurance. Second, introduce the process and the operation of the rural pension insurance. Third, it is the focus on the role of implementation of the new rural pension insurance which brings to maintenance of social justice; expanding domestic demand; promote the development of the industrialization of agriculture and so on.The fifth part is the analysis of influencing factors about the new rural pension insurance. There are so many factors which restrict the new rural pension insurance. This chapter mainly through factor analysis to analyze the difference factors about the new rural pension insurance. These different factors can be divided into the main factors and the object factors which include the government, the collective and farmers, economic factors, social and cultural factors. At the final of this chapter, analyze of the path which impact of the new rural social pension insurance development. The sixth part is introduction of the development orientation and policy adjustment of the new rural pension insurance. First, this chapter is from the background of the unified design between the city and the countryside to introduce the development orientation of the new rural pension insurance. Second, describes the development of new rural social pension insurance followed some principles. There are fundamental realities of the country, principles of integrity, principle of gardualness. Third, focusing on describes protection mechanism of the current development and adjustment of new rural pension insurance. Introduction of these safeguards also shows that the present problems about the new rural social pension insurance and the aspects need to improve continuously.