Evaluation On Recycle Economy Of Gansu Province Based On Accounting Of Material Flowing And Eco-footprint

Development, structure and effectiveness of Gansu Recycle economy were systematically studied base on the accouting of material flow and ecology footprint. Moreover, comprehensive evaluations were also carried out by using the method of AHP and caculating the integrating index of recycle economy development with different weights. It aimed to establish scientific models and make sustainable developing strategies, and then provide theory supports for recycle economy development in Gansu province. The results were showed as follows:1. The systematical reviews on recycle economy were conducted from different angle of view such as Ecology economy, resource-environment-economy, material flow, economy increase, sustainable development. The recycle economy was differed from the conceptions of tranditional economy, sustainable development, harmony society, ecology economy, cleaning production, knowledge economy, eco-industrial park, resource-saving society and environment-friendly society, while the close relationships among them could not be ignored. With the emphasis on material flow analysis, eco-efficiency and eco-footprint, study methods on recycle economy were reviewed thoroughly from international and national views, and comprehensive evaluation methods of recycle economy were also summarized.2. Data statistic analysis on development situation of Gansu recycle economy was carried out from the angles of economy, resource, society and environment based on the scientific identificaion of study border. Some results were found. (1) In economy, GDP and GDP per capita increased by 611.24% and 565.44% during the period from 1995 to 2008, respectively. The tertiary industry had the highest contribution ratio to economic development of Gansu. Raw material processing and energy exploitation occupied the main position in industrial structure, while lacking the enterprises with low waste output and high recycle rate, such as recycle processing, electronics and intruments. Foreign trade dependency of Gansu in 2008 was 3.18 times as against 1995, which was lower than the nation value. (2) Turning to natural resource in Gansu there were abundant arable land with low foresty coverage. Water shortage still was key problem in front of economy, especially serious limitation in ecological water (2% in 2008) as a result of the higher ratio of agricultural water (79% in 2008). Due to high reserves in Gansu, every year there were a lot of coal resources exploited with the low utilization rates. For example, energy utilization rates in 2008 ranked the forth backwards throughout the country. (3) In society, the total population at the end of year increased from 24379.5 thousand in 1995 to 26281.2 thousand with a little lower people density of 57.83 per square kilometer than country. The urban dweller's controllable income increase from 3152.52 yuan to 10969.41 yuan per capita, and the rural dweller's controllable income increased from less than 1000 in 1995 to 2723.8 yuan. Engle cofficient in urban decreased from 52.69% in 1995 to 38.32% in 2008, while from 70.94% to 47.17% in rural. (4) In environment, total waste water output appear to be increasing and then reduced during the period from 1995 to 2008. But waste water output efficiency increased averagely by 15.29% every year. In 2008, waste water output efficiency reached to 669.08 yuan ton-1 which was a litte higher than country (525 yuan ton-1). Living waste water increased 2.19 times within 13 years while industrial waste water in 2008 was the same as 42.72% of 2008. Solid waste output increased year by year during the period from1995 to 2008. Solid waste output efficiency in 2008 was 9.1 thousand yuan ton-1 lower than the average country level (14.6 thousand yuan ton-1). In industrial waste gas output, the same trendency was found with the yearly increasing rate of 6.77% compared with solid waste output. Waste gas output efficiency of Gansu in 2008, which ranked the 25th all over the province, lower than country (0.74 yuan per cubic metre).3. Base on material flow accounting, evaluations on Gansu recycle economy development during the period from 1990 to 2008 were completed from the angle of material input, output and consume by using the indexes of efficiency and intensity. (1)Total material input in Gansu increased year by year during the period from 1990 to 2008. Direct material input (DMI) raised from 170.1 million tons in 1990 to 340.4 million tons, while DMI per capita increased from 7.55 tons to 12.95 tons. As to structure of material input, the majority of material input focused on fossil fuel, metal mineral and building mineral which were typical of higher hidden flowing, while the ratio of biomass material input reduced year by year. (2) Total material output and its intensity increased year by year from 1990 to 2008. Direct material output (DMO) increased from 143.8 million tons in 1990 to 239.7 million tons in 2008. DMO per capita increased from 6.38 ton in 1990 to 8.55 ton in 2008. Furthermore, hidden flowing and CO2 emission have become two predominant factors. Especially, the former increased 2.13 times within 13 year, and its ratio in DMO increased from 40.02% in 1995 to 65.37% in 2008. (3) Wth economy development, efficiencies in material input and output were enhanced significantly during the stage from 1990 to 2008. Evidentally, GDP/DMI increased from 142.65 yuan ton-1 in 1995 to 932.91 yuan ton-1 and GDP/DMO increased with the average annual growth rate of 12.52%. (4) The ratio of import material in total material requirement (TMR) was less than 5%, demonstrating that material input in economic system of Gansu depended on donestic extraction (DE) rather than import. (5) DMC/NP, DMO/NP, GDP/DMC and GDP/DMO were respectively lower than the average country's level over the same period, indicating of the potential difference in economic development and pollutant treatment when compared with the country.4. Ecology footprint and co-intergration between economy increase and ecology footprint were analysized. (1) Great change have taken place in Gansu ecology footprint within 18 years. Total ecology footprint increased from 2.54×107 ha in 1995 to 5.37×107 ha in 2008, and ecology footprint per capita increased froml.128 ha to 2.043 ha. Seeing from the components of ecology footprint, fossil fuel land occupied the largest ratio, following the cropland. The average annual growth rates of forest land was 10.95% which ranked the highest among all footprint types, following built-up area and water area. (2) Ecology capacity in Gansu increased gradually from 1990 to 2008, with the 8.0×106 net growth. (3) Ecology deficit has become a serious problem facing Gansu environment during the period from 1990 to 2008. It increased from 4.10×106 ha in 1990 to 2.44×107 ha in 2008 with about 5 times increase. (4) By using co-intergration during the stage from 1990 to 2008, stable equilibrium relationships were found between GDP and WRW, GDP and GD and GDP and SY.5. Development index of seven factors including economy development, social harmony, resource input, waste output, waste management, recycle utilization and ecology improvement were caculated respectively, and weighted into comprehensive development index of recycle economy. The results were showed that the developments of Gansu recycle economy were divided into three stages according to the feature. The first phrase was before 1991 with the value of< 0.4, belonging to the no-recycle phrase; the second phrase was during the stage from 1992-2006 with the value of 0.4-0.55, belonging to transitional phrase; the third phrase was after 2007 with the value of> 0.55, belonging to the original recycle phrase.Based on analysis mentioned above, recycle economy of Gansu has maken great improvement and steped into the primary recycle with the increase in GDP/DMC and GDP/DMO for about 20 years. Moreover, the footprint per 10000 yuan and industrial wastes have decreased markedly. However, there still existed a number of problems in development of recycle econmy of Gansu. Most of indexes such as GDP per capita, DMC/NP, DMO/NP, GDP/DMC and GDP/DMO are lower than those of nation level at the same period, indicating that there are huge gap in economic development of Gansu compared with the nation level. Secondly, some indexes such as DMI, DMO, DMC/NP increased year by year, showing that marvelous environment pressure were imposing on economic development. Thirdly, some problems associated with resource utilization still existed on the basis of the extension of ecological deficit. It were Fossil fuel and building material that played the most important role in material input. In addtion, it was also manifested that extensive mining in natural resource have become the main reason resulting in high hidden flowing. Fouthly, the original end-pipe treatment of pollution have not been changed fundamentally, and living pollution and dissipative material have become new difficulties in pollution treatment. Finally, inconsistency between footprint diversity and economic development ability showed it urgent to adjust resource utilzation method just like land resource.