Ming And Qing Dynasties' Cycle Of Turmoil And Administration

States are responsible for defining property rights, and for the prosperity and recession of economic history, and its stability and changes, its internal property right structure adjustment is the main clues to understand the evolution of human society. Ming and Qing dynasties' cycle of turmoil and administration provides an excellent perspective to observe the national institutional changes. The aim of this study is through analyzing Ming and Qing dynasties' historical experience of turmoil administration cycle, to reveal the general changing laws of national organizations and property right structure, to explain the driving forces of national stability and changes in history, and as well as the evolution laws of property right structure defined by nations. This study, (1) puts forward and verifies endogenous transaction cost hypothesis which explains dynasties' cycle; (2) uses endogenous transaction cost hypothesis to explain the evolution laws of Ming and Qing dynasties' controlled property right structure, takes financial system, official corruption, provincial official activities, trade system evolution, mental control, etc. as endogenous variables and brings them into unified theoretical structure; (3) discusses the conditions in which normative countries can come into being, and provides theoretical support for Chinese political and economical gradual reforms.Taking transaction cost as a main line, according to the clue from outside to inside, from framework to detail, this paper analyzed the process from three levels.1. The changes of national organization patterns. In the most macro level, this paper studies the changes and adjustment of national organization patterns under the influences of military technology and transaction cost, proposes dynasty cycle's transaction costs hypothesis, and draws a basic analytical framework for the entire...