Location Of Farm Household's Economy Action In Rural Areas Of Central China

China is a big agricultural country and"farmer, agriculture, rural area"is always an important issue for modernization construction. Farm household is the main body of economy action in rural areas. On the context of"building an overall well-to-do society""rising of central economy"and"the construction of the new-typed rural area", it has theory significance and practice value to study the location of economy action of farm household in central area. It's not only reveals the spatial rule of economy action of farm household and enriches the study of location theory, but also offers reference for adjusting farm household's economy action scientifically and constituting scientific development policy of rural area through the research. We establish 2 databases of location of out-migrating for work with 288×157 farm households and location of farming with 156×196 farm households through field survey with 444 households in 6 villages. Based on the databases and on the direction of related theories such as location theory, the theory of geography spatial interaction, the theory of farm household organization, the behavior theory and the theory of regional development, the paper researches the location of out-migrating for work and farming of farm household and corresponding factors combined qualitative and quantitative analysis methods.The paper includes 5 parts.The first part is introduction that discusses the background and significance of the subject and introduces the research train of thought, framework, methods and main innovations. Farm household is the main body of economic and social development of rural area, the main builder of rural cultural landscape, and the main adjustor of human-earth relationship in rural area. The behavior of farm household has a direct relation with sustainable development of rural area. The research of human geography about farm household is lesser and always neglects the study of location of its economic action, based on which the paper selects the location of microcosmic farm household's economic action as the subject.The second part reviews former research. From related research of farm household, Thunen's agricultural location theory and its evaluation and extension, the location of farming and out-migrating for work, the part reviews and remarks direct and indirect related research of the field. Through the review of related literature, the research about the location of farm household's economic action has following traits. First, the research relating the location of farm household's economic action has only sporadic analysis scattered related literatures and lacks systemic work. Second, Thunen's agricultural location theory emphasizes particularly on macro-analysis and existent micro-analysis related agricultural location mainly confines in foreign countries, the spatial scale of farms in America is big and that of other experimental analysis is also bigger, the experimental analysis about populous middle China in village scale is few and especially the research about the location of farmer household's action in the micro-perspective of farm household. Third, the research about farm household emphasizes particularly on economics and sociology analysis and is few through geography and human geography analysis. Anyhow, the construction is weakness of the location theory system of farm household's economic action.The third part is the study of location of farmers of out-migrating for work. From the micro-perspective of farmers of out-migrating for work, this chapter discusses the spatial distribution of sites of out-migrating for work and especially that of distances of out-migrating for work, besides that, the part carries through comprehensive analysis to the character of spatial distribution of sites of out-migrating for work and its micro-mechanism from orientation, zone, district, the type of cities of out-migrating for work. The results of the study are as follows: first, the distances of out-migrating for work take on decentralization as a whole and centralization in part, the number of farmers of out-migrating for work takes on a distribution of U along with the distances, the distribution of farmers of out-migrating for work in the destination presents multitudinous character. Second, the destinations selected by farmers are on the precondition of the anticipation they can gained certain income and on the considering of integrated factors of individual, family, marriage status and community, which is rational and geography environment has important effect on the selection. If gender, age and marriage status are different, the distances of out-migrating for work have distinct difference. Man, youngling and spinsterhood have high probability removing to further places and by contraries, woman, elder and married people closer places. Farmers with less schooling have high probability removing to further places and more schooling closer places. The population, labor force and virile labors of a family are more and the distances of out-migrating for work are further. The field of per farmer presents direct proportion with distances of out-migrating for work, that is, the per capita fields are fewer and the probability removing to closer places is higher. The leading effect of social-network of farmers of out-migrating for work has crucial impact on the destinations'selection. The per capita GDP is higher and the probability removing to closer places is bigger and by contraries, the economy is slower and the probability removing to further places is higher. The terrain is more rugged and they remove to further places to work and contrariwise. Farmers in suburban villages often work near their families and that in non-suburban villages have high probability removing to further places. Individual human capital, one's role and his contribution to the family, the elusion of risk of out-migrating for work, the maximization of family earnings and managerial cost of family are all have pivotal effect on the selection of destinations and the leading effect of social-network always has crucial impact.The fourth part researches the farming location. This chapter discusses spatial distribution law of farming, analyses the effect of distances to the farming location and studies the determinative factors affecting the farming location through three typical villages: a plain village Huangzhuang(locates in suburban), a hill village Jiaolongbei and a mountainous village Beizhuang. The conclusions are as follows: first, the distance is an important factor affecting the farming location, but its obvious degree is affected by the homogeneous extend of cultivate plots and the diversity of crops. Second, the working dense degree of crops determines recessive traffic cost and accordingly the farming location. Dominated by the law of maximization of earnings, farm households determine the cultivate content and its devoted intension through the natural fittingness of micro-terrain and plots; they will determine its location by the working dense degree of crops when the nature condition is more homogeneous. If lack or hold less diversity crops with different working dense degree, ubiquitous and homogeneous farming location will appear: no matter how far from the village, same crops will be grew. However, on the condition that types of crops are diversity and the working dense degree of crops has great difference, the effect of distances to the farming location will display strikingly.The fifth part generalizes the study's main conclusions and analyses its policy signification, then discusses the deficiency of the study and looks forward to the next research direction.