The Reformation Of State Momopolization System In China

State monopolization, as a system, is economically administrative measure orscheme. It is a series of managing measures or regulations which the government uses,based on the given social economic systems, to monopolize some sort or sorts ofgoods. State monopolization system includes concrete organization forms of theproduction, circulation, distribution of monopolized goods, and the correspondingmanaging systems, managing institutions, managing methods and measures, etc. Allof the above constitute a whole administrative system. According to differentcriterions, state monopolization system can be compartmentalized into direct statemonopolization and indirect state monopolization, state monopolization and regionalstate monopolization, and so on. The essence of state monopolization system is statemonopoly. State monopolization system also has other characters. Firstly, statemonopolization system takes rules of law as it's premise. Secondly, statemonopolization system can only be applied to some special products. Thirdly, statemonopolization systems usually need to set up state monopolization institutions. Statemonopolization system has three main functions: to increase financial income, toprotect consumers' health and security, and to maintain social stabilization. Statemonopolization system has its special effects on the above three aspects and it can'tbe replaced by any other system. There are also some abuses on the monopoly of statemonopolization system, such as the invasion to enterprises' freedom, the harm toconsumers' rights and interests, the consumption of social resource, the result ofsocial unfairness, and the distortion of market mechanism. In order to control theseabuses, the government should strictly restrict the application scope of statemonopolization and introduce modest competition to the system.State monopolization appeared in china as a comparative formal system in XiHandynasty. Till Song Dynasty, the system developed and improved itself. From YuanDynasty to 1949, it declined some degree. Historically speaking, the character ofChinese state monopolization system development represented a transition from statemonopoly to moderate competitions, which manifest two trends. One is theconversion from direct state monopolization to indirect state monopolization. Theother is increasing spread of civil participation. There are three reasons for theconversions: the demand to achieve the goal of state monopolization system, theavoidance to excessive monopoly of massive social cost and the impulse ofcommodity economy development. The concrete content of Chinese present state monopolization includes thefollowing aspects. As to the goal devisal, we take efficiency as the core and giveattention to order; as to the faith about the way and method to achieve the goal, we layparticular stress on official control. This idea has three flaws: take efficiency highlyand look down on fairness, blind believe official control and attach less importance onlaw control, think much of the function of plan and despise the function of market.Therefore, we must reconstruct the ideal of Chinese modest state monopolization. Thefollowing factors should be taken into account. First is the impulsion to statemonopolization of our entrance to the WTO. Second is the establishment of theprinciple of social law control in China. Third is the transition from planned economyto market economy. So we must pay first attention on fairness and give attention toefficiency. We should think highly of market function and restrict the scope anddegree of state monopolization as much as possible. We should regard law control andexplode official control. Those are the concrete routes to the reconstruction of ourstate monopolization system. Corresponding to the ideal, the application scope of statemonopolization system in China must be reduced.The state monopolization system in modern China is firstly reflected in tobaccomonopoly. The basic content includes: high state monopolization imposed on tobacco;restrictive planned management of tobacco; management system characterized byhigh centralization; stringent administration licensing. There are many problems in thetobacco system in modern China, for example, the objective of tobacco monopoly isseverely biased; the profitability of tobacco industry is unsatisfactory; the competitiveability is low; the distribution of benefits is unequal etc. The main reason can becontributed to excessive state monopoly of tobacco industry, the resulting regionalmonopoly and other restrictive competition. The only way to eradicate the problem isto establish moderate competition mechanism in tobacco monopoly, that is, on thebasis of current system; we should reform the framework of tobacco statemonopolization through redefining the value objective of the tobacco statemonopolization in order to realize equilibrium between state monopoly andcompetition mechanism.The state monopolization system in modern China also includes salt monopoly.Salt state monopolization systems mainly includes pointing production; the solewholesale; planning management; government price-deciding and unite governmentand enterprise as one part. There are many same aspects and a lot of difference between salt state monopolization and tobacco state state monopolization. Thepositive function of salt monopolization mainly represents the following aspects: thenotable effect to control iodine lack disease, the guarantee to salt supply from townsto villages all over the country and the promotion to the persistent development of ourrelative chemical industries. On the other hand, there are also some passive impacts.Firstly, it leads to serious opposition of salt industry between productions to sale.Secondly, it causes the development of china salt industry so slowly. Thirdly, it pricksup social unfairness. To avoid these impacts, the fundamental approach is to abolishsalt state monopolization system gradually to explode monopoly and establishcompetitive salt-sale system.