| Every major progress of human civilization reflects the role and significance of science and technology. The tremendous development of science and technology is the theme of the development of human society in modern times which has promoted social lifestyle, production mode, and the fundamental changes in our way of thinking.China is one of the earliest civilizations countries in the world. Before the 16th century, science and technology in China has remained at a advanced status in the world. Due to various objective and subjective reasons, the Chinese nation which had obtained great achievements in science and technology ago has lagged far behind the developed countries in the West in modern times. Since the founding of the Communist Party of China, China has taken Marx technology thought as instructions and has focused on the development of Chinese science and technology undertakings. After hard working for more than 80 years, China not only created a suit of technology thoughts with Chinese characteristics, but also established an independent and integrated Scientific and technological system including complete disciplines by which shorten the gap with the developed technology. Moreover, the research results have met or exceeded the international advanced level in some areas of science area and the Science and technology undertakings have made remarkable achievements which have played a tremendous role in promoting the modernization building in China.But regarding currently, the overall level of scientific and technological development in our country still lags far behind the developed countries. In some areas in scientific and technological development such as the guiding ideology, technology policy, research system and technological innovation of still have much room for improvement and in certain areas, or certain fields they even restrict scientific and technological progress and development. To ensure China to realize the grand goals that achieving the level of moderately developed countries in the world by the mid-21st century we must make greater efforts in scientific and lay a good foundation for the next stage when the scientific and technological level in China has been overall enhanced and ranks among the most advanced in the world. In order to catch up with the technology level in developed countries in the world and to promote China's modernization process relying on scientific and technological development, it is necessary to have a correct technological idea to guide the development of science and technology practice. Therefore, we should research the history process of the party's technological ideology and practice systemically since the founding and make a comparison in landscape orientation of the technological ideas between the main leaders of the party. Then put forward policy recommendations for the progress of science and technology undertakings in China in the new century that it has a certain historical and realistic significance to follow the progress of science and technology road with Chinese characteristics by evaluating its success or failure according to the history and considering the reality. Therefore the subject has a certain historical and realistic significance.On the problems of contemporary China's scientific and technological development, academic circles emphasis on investigating the history of the development of science and technology but do inadequate research on technological thinking particularly on the technological thinking of the party. Moreover, the research of the party's technological thought are generally limited to the individual study of a certain party leader in some period in history, however, a bit of people have done systemic analysis and summaries to the collective thought and practice effects in science and technology of the party's leadership since the founding. Therefore the subject has a certain theoretical value and academic significance.This paper focuses on the ideological background introducing some major decisi ons, practical reasons, the implementation process and the implementation results, ofwhich success or failure, experiences and lessons are summed up and reflected taki ng the 80 years since the founding of the Communist Party of China as the study period, taking the scientific and technological thought of Marxism as a guide, takingthe evolution of the party's thought as the main line and taking the great practice of the development of science and technology by Chinese people who are guided b y the Party as the foundation. Finally, combining the new position faced by the dev elopment of science and technology in the new century and the new situation and China's actualconditions, putting forward countermeasures and recommendations for t he guiding ideology and policy of China's science and technology development in th e future.This paper is divided into six chapters except introduction.Chapter 1 researches the Science and Technology thought of the Communist Party of China and the practices before the founding of China. First, uses reflections on China's traditional culture and analysis of the real impact on realistic society by introducing the Western civilization to explore the origin of the technological thought of the Communist of China. Second, sort out the scientific thought of the founder of the party before and after the founding to study the theoretic effect on the initially formed of the scientific thinking of the party. Third, researches the initial creation, the formation and development of the Science and Technology thought of the Communist Party of China during the different phases such as the land revolution, the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression and the War of Liberation and explores the policies and measures of developing science and technology to serve the war which is adopted by the party in different periods.Chapter 2 researches the flexural development of the party's technological thought and its practice from the founding to the opening up innovation. After the founding of the PRC, the party's first-generation leadership collective with the core Mao Zedong has established the direction of "Science for the masses of the people" service guideline, brought forward the call of "entering into the Science", instituted a technology perspective layout, and achieved a series of scientific and technological achievements. The third and forth sections in this chapter focuses on the "technological revolution" thought of the party and analyzed objectively the tortuous development course of the scientific and technological thought of the Communist Party of China from the Anti-Rightist campaign to the "Cultural Revolution", as well as the negative impact and harm brought from the political science thought to China's science and technology development.Chapter 3 is to study the development and deepening of the party's technological thinking after opening up innovation. During this period the party's technological ideology which summarized the experiences and lessons both from success and misplay of the science and technology development since PRC founding, is a rich and profound knowledge with affluent contents. The ideology takes Deng Xiaoping's technology thinking as its core. It reiterated that Marxism science and technology is productivity based on the completion of the restoration of order; it clarified the key role of modern science and technology; it advocated shaping a good social atmosphere to respect for knowledge and talent; it stressed the importance of reforming the system of science and technology and the significance of developing high technology; it put forward creatively the thesis "science and technology are the primary productive forces", and took this as a anchor to built the party's technology thinking system in a new period, and improved the party's scientific understanding to a new level.Chapter 4 researches the development and innovation of the party's scientific and technological thinking and its practice. The third generation of the party, with the core Jiang Zemin, inherited collectively the quintessence of Deng Xiaoping's thinking of technology, and grasped profoundly the new features of the scientific and technological revolution in the world since the 1990s. Moreover they did a careful review and summation to the practice experiences of the reform and development of China's technology; gave a priority to the development of science and technology; organized and implemented a "rejuvenating the country through science and education" tactic; put forward a series ideas taking scientific and technological innovation as the core; formed a cross-century party's technology thinking and its practice system which did a powerful impetus to the rapid development of China's science and technology undertakings.Chapter 5 is to compare and study the core technology thinking of the main leaders. This chapter does a comprehensive sorted out to the party's technology ideology and practice in accordance with the historical path since the founding. And based on that in order to enable more in-depth research, this chapter does a horizontal and objective comparing from these aspects: the historic background of the technology ideologies of all the party's three core generation leadership including Mao Zedong, Deng Xiaoping and Jiang Zemin, the cognition of the function of the science and technology, the understanding of the strategic objectives and impetus of technology development, by this way to identify the inheritance and development skeleton during the evolution process of the party's technology thought.Chapter 6 is about historical inspiration and practical significance. Reviewing the history and seeking useful lessons and inspiration are the starting point and value of this paper. History investigation shows that the evolution process of the Party's technology ideology is a tortuous history course. The tortuous experiences of new China's scientific and technological undertaking offered us valuable experiences and the lessons. Therefore, this chapter which combines many new problems facing our country's technological practice does a reflection about the a detour taken by predecessors and a discuss about the direction of the development of science in China in the new century from four levels, the orientation of technological development, technology development concept, technology development path and the value of technology. At last, this paper proposes countermeasures and recommendations for our party to set down the future technology guidelines and policies.This study shows:1,The Communist Party of China born impelled by the scientific and democratic spirit has a close bond with science and technology. In the new-democratic revolution period, the party has an initial understanding about the importance of science and technology as well as how to promote the development of science and technology and produced a series of scientific thesis. Even more valuable is that in the hard period, the party adopted a series of effective measures for the revitalization and development of science and technology .2,After the founding of PRC, The Communist Party of China paid full attention to the development of science and technology undertakings. Although the science and technology thought of the party experienced the turns and twists, the science and technology thought of the party develops continuously and turns the different from innovation, and at different history stage guides science and technology fulfillment activity deeply on the right orbit, so three "golden era"in PRC technology history appeard,the Chinese science and technology undertakings developed in a rapid speed and made remarkable achievements.3,A comparative study shows that in spite of the different historical backgrounds of the party's three generations of leaders, But their starting point and destination are all seeking national prosperity, well-being of the people; their values which combined the basic principles of Marxism with the actual conditions in China all do efforts to explore the self-rules and era characteristics of the technology development in China; Therefore, the thinking of the party's three generations of leaders, the technology is an organic whole with the religion spreads which inherited the predecessors and inspirited the posterity. They based on the Marx's technology concept and are a outcome advancing with the times which developed a guide thinking system for the development of China's scientific and technological undertakings and promote it to progress and develop ceaseless.4,Inspecting the history, in order to ensure the healthy and sustained development of Chinese science and technology in the 21st century: First, to maintain the stable development of science and technology in the political environment regarding the essential difference of "science" and "technology" according to benefit for technology itself to develop by its own laws; Second, accelerate the sustainable technology development by applying the scientific and technological progress to the reconstruction of the harmony relationship between nature and human and building green technology concept so as to promote the continuous development of the science and technology; Third, stick to introducing technology and self-innovating simultaneously, in order to promote China's science and technology development by leaps and bounds; Fourth, emphasize "people-oriented", thinking that man is the first to achieve the full liberation of human during the scientific and technological development progress in the historical process which actualized the ultimate destination that the value of science and technology.5, The creation of Communist Party of China science and technology thinking, evolve and develop, can not get away from Chinese modernization history background develop in the last a hundred years.Therefore, no matter in the new-democratic revolution period or in different history stage, science and technology thought of the party has inside of organic contact, the development that Communist Party of China science and technology thought is a nature of history process, it controls and affects Chinese science and technology modernization is to the whole actual progress for modernize.
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