Study On Thought And Practice Of Science And Technology In The Early Days Of New China (1949-1956)

"Science and technology are productive forces and powerful lever to promote the progress of human civilization" is a consistent point of view of Marxism. From the date of establishment, the communist party of China develops Chinese science and technology positively with the guidance of Marxist scientific theory. This paper analysis the historical background and reason, major strategic thought and practice activities and systematically summarized the main characteristics of China's development of science and technology in the early days of New China. At the same time, this paper pointes out the reference to today's China policy of science and technology.At the beginning of the founding of China, the communist party is facing the situation of poor people live and social disorder. How to develop China's science and technology is a difficulty task placed in front of the Chinese communists. The party's first-generation leadership collective with the core Mao Zedong has established the direction of "Science for the masses of the people" service guideline, brought forward the call of "entering into the Science", instituted a technology perspective layout, and achieved a series of scientific and technological achievements. This paper focuses on the ideological background introducing some major decisions, practical reasons, the implementation process and the implementation results, of which success or failure, experiences and lessons are summed up and reflected 1949-1956 since the founding of the Communist Party of China as the study period, taking the scientific and technological thought of Marxism as a guide, taking the evolution of the party's thought as the main line and taking the great practice of the development of science and technology by Chinese people who are guided by the Party as the foundation. Finally, combining the new position faced by the development of science and technology in the new century and the new situation and China's actual conditions, putting forward countermeasures and recommendations for the guiding ideology and policy of China's science and technology development in the future.This paper is divided into six chapters. Chapter 1 analyses the historical background of China's development of science and technology in the early days of New China, from four aspects:the main theoretical basis, the practice foundation, the internal factors and external conditions.Chapter 2 discusses the main contents of China's development of science and technology in the early days of New China. This is the key point of this paper. Scientific theories are "Science for the masses of the people", "Entering into the Science", "Key development, to catch up"," All schools of thoughts contend for attention "and" Self-reliance, strive for foreign subsidiary ". Practices are natural science popularization activity, establish the Chinese academy of sciences and national new science and technology system, combined with practical national construction in scientific research, uniting and cultivating talents and attention to learn foreign advanced science and technology.Chapter 3 systematically summarized the main characteristics of China's development of science and technology in the early days of New China.In a word, this paper combine the new position faced by the development of science and technology in the new century and the new situation and China's actual conditions, putting forward countermeasures and recommendations for the guiding ideology and policy of China's science and technology development in the future.