Seaborne Commerce-in The Yellow Sea For The Shilla People Of Tang Dynasty From The 8th To 9th Century

International maritime trade is very popular in 9th century. In East Asia, the Shilla(新罗)businessmen in Tang Dynastypresented byChangPogo(张保皋) are active on Yellow Sea andEast China Sea , they developed the seaborne commerce among Tang , Shilla and Japan, andhad controlled the trade in Yellow Sea and East China Sea in that time. Their activities werenot only significant in East Asian History but also had the historic importance in the worldtrade history. This dissertaiton used many historical records from China, Japan and Korea,researching in detail the the Shilla people living in the Tang Dynasty and their trade activitiesin 9th century.The dissertation mainlyincludes six parts:The first chapter inspected the forming process and the management of the Shilla peopleliving in the Tang Dynasty society and their living conditions comprehensively. In 8th---9thcentury, under the background of the Tang Empire's openness and Tolerance and the friendlyrelations between Tang and Shilla, Shilla people freely moved into Tang spontaneously andcontinually. They settled down mainly off the Yellow Sea coast and formed Community oftheShilla people in the Tang Dynasty gradually. During the same time, the East Asia TradePatterns have changed from official trade based on paying tribute to folk trade. The Shillapeople lived in the Tang Dynasty scattered along the coastal of Shandong peninsula and theones in Changjiang delta area began to join in the seaborne commerce positively.The second chapter researched and discussed the background of active seabornecommerce among Three Countries in the East Asian through the Yellow Sea from late 8thcentury to early 9th century. In 7th century, Tang and Shilla had developed close relationshipduring the process of unifying the Korean Peninsula; In late 8th century, the chaos of thedomestic politics situation led to the decline of the East Asian Three Countries; almost at thesame time, the trade through the Marine Silk Road became actively, and the navigationtechnology and the marine technology developed continuously. The Shilla people lived in theTang Dynasty built the connection among Tang---Shilla---Japan trade, leading the East Asiainternational transaction. Chapter Three mainly analyzed the trade management structure of in East Asia ThreeCountries that the official trade declined gradually and the folk trade developed positivelyduring 8th century and 9th century. The management structure were Shiboshi(市舶使) andYafanshi(押蕃使) in Tang, Dazaifu(大宰府) in Japan, Chunghaejin(清海镇) in Shilla. AndtheChunghaejin is the most active and influential organization.Chapter Four analyzed the activities of the leads of the East Asia trade in 9th century---ChangPogo and the Shilla people lived in the Tang Dynasty specifically. Since 8th century,the the Shilla people lived in the Tang Dynasty off the Yellow Sea coast, Changjiang river andHuai river had joined in the trade in all kinds of forms. Untill 9th century, Shilla businessmenset the centre of ChangPogo, put Chunghaejin as foothold, developed active seabornecommerce amongTang, Shilla and Japan, established a seaborne commerce kingdom.Chapter Five inspected the record of the East Asian Route again, proofed the route usedduring 8th to 9th century. They held the opinions that the navigation and shipbuildingtechnique had developed then. Influenced by the international politics relationships, the tradeboat would choose the straight route instead of the circuitous route. ChangPogo's interrelatedship contributed to the generalization of the route.Chapter Six analyzed the changes of East Asian Trade after Chunghaejin being abolishedin late 9th century. In the year of 841, ChangPogo died suddenly, and then Chunghaejin wasabolished, the activities in the Shilla people lived in the Tang Dynasty society had atrophiedgreatly. Since the Tang people's positive activities started in late 9th century, experienced thecollaboration between the Shilla people lived in the Tang Dynasty and Tang businessmen, theTang businessmen began to lead the EastAsian trade gradually.In the 8th to 9th century, the seaborne commerce led by the the Shilla people lived in theTang Dynasty with the centre ChangPogo not only brought the stable East Asian internationalorder, but also played an important role in the activation of economic civilization among EastAsianThree Countries.