Study On The Question Of Demand And Supply In The Public Decision-making

Decision-making is an important phenomenon in the process of the development of human society. It is also the core concept of political science. The public decision-making is directly related to the social and political development, and its quality has direct impact on the effectiveness of the public activity. It can be said that public decision-making is a research field which is rich in theoretical value and social significance. Based on the interpretation of public choice theory's inspiration on public decision-making, this dissertation assumes that the core proposition of the theory is the "government failure" whose main performance is the public decision-making failure, analyzing failure reasons which caused a public decision-making imbalance between demand and supply contradiction. Consequently this dissertation puts forward a balanced supply-demand for public decision-making theory and assumes participants in the public decision-making acts to be the starting point and re-examines the public decision-making process in a new perspective.As the important part of economics and political science of Western thought ,Public Choice School have more and more important status and roles in the contemporary field of the West (especially in the United States) political science . Parts of their political and theoretical researches which have important lessons and enlightenment values, are closely related to the topic of China's political theory research, particularly in the present China which is in the improvement of the market economy system and a crucial period of reform of the political system. Therefore, the study of public choice theory is more necessary and urgent. As a result, the public choice theory must be given an objective evaluation and understanding, which is worth learning from the positive side. We should strengthen the connection between theory and practice and have an in-depth understanding of the realistic problem of China's economic and political reform. At the same time, as we know, public choice theory originated from the development of a market economy in contemporary capitalism , so it has obvious the performance of contemporary capitalist class ideology. Its limitations and hazards also need to be negative. The basic behavioral postulate of public choice, as for economics, is that man is an egoistic, rational utility maximizer. The focus of analysis of public choice theory is the motive and behavior of'economic man', the voters, interest groups , political parties and government officials in the public decision-making .This kind of analysis fills a gap in political theoretical circles. It is important practical significance and important inspiration value for the realization of scientific and democratization in China's public decision-making.This dissertation can be structurally divided into five sections.The first chapter is about the perspective elaboration: public choice and public choice theory. This research firstly starts from the elaboration of the research perspective, then from the perspective of subject development it educes its important role in the theories of modern political science as public choice theory of new political science. Firstly, it parses the concept of public choice, and gives a detailed distinguish on the differences between personal choice and public choice, on such basics it puts forward reasons of public choice, the regulations and the theoretical content of public choice theory. Then from the perspective of historical development it combs the emergence and development of the theory of public choice, specifically expatiates the thought source of public choice theory, realistic background and the developing course of the school, as well as the main works of the representative figures. At last, the dissertation focuses on discussing the basic research methods of public choice theory, and objectively analyses and commends on hypothesis of rational self-beneficial economical entity, political market exchange theory and the individualism of methodology. The dissertation confirms the value and significance of the basic researching methods of public choice theory, thinks it provides the political science with new perspectives and new researching ideas and has certain value for exposing and seeing the essence of capitalism. But at the same time it realizes that public choice theory itself is a controversial doctrine, so it explores the limit of public choice theory from three respects.The second chapter is about the public decision-making problem in the perspective of public choice theory. The elaboration of the public decision-making by public choice theory is set as the theme of this text. Firstly it furthered its understanding about the concept of the public decision-making, then draws out the limited explanations on the concept of the public decision-making. The dissertation emulates 4 research methods of the public decision-making, points out the research method which take the public choice decision as the main mode. Secondly, it concretely discusses the public decision-making problem in the field of public choice theory, thinking formulating process of public policy is the public decision-making, and concentrates the research targets on the entities which influents the demands and supply of the public decision-making. Finally, it is about the equilibrium theory of demand and supply in the public decision-making. It is the innovation part of the paper which explains the general equilibrium theory of public decision-making in demand and supply. Based on the unbalanced problem of the public decision-making in demand and supply, it analyzes the inadequate and excessive expression of public decision-making demand and the supply of decision-making. This chapter stresses the illustration of the theory framework of the general equilibrium theory of the public decision-making in demand and supply that interprets the concept of general equilibrium and public decision engagement of demand and supply equilibrium theory.Chapter Three is about "the demand analysis of the public decision-making ". It explores the choice problem of the voters, interest groups and enterprises in the public decision-making, that is, the understanding of the motives and actions of the demand side in the public decision-making from the perspective of public choice theory . First, the public choice theory solved the problem of citizen participation in the public decision-making with the model of the rational behavior. It points out that there are difficulties in the citizen participation in the public decision-making; To understand the demand of the citizens in the public decision-making, it proposes the show procedures of the demand of the personal preferences in collective decision-making. It mainly discusses two democratic approaches in the public decision-making: the unanimity rule and the majority poll rule. It introduces the three famous theories concerning the demand of citizens to the public goods in the Public Choice Theory: the club theory, voting with their feet theory and the theory of revolutionary behavior. Secondly, it concerns about the inspection of the formation factors of the interest groups in the public choice theory as well as of interest groups to the public decision-making. Therefore, this paper introduces and evaluates Olsen's collective action theory based on the criticism of the traditional theory of interest groups and make a broad interpretation of the difficulties and motives of the combination of the individuals and the interest groups. It also analyses the economical factors of the interest groups in Olsen's works. It suggests that it is the interest groups that lead to the inefficient, unfair society and the "iron triangle" phenomenon. It also briefly discusses the rent-seeking problem of the enterprises as the demander of the public decision-making.Chapter Four is about "The Supply Analysis in the Public Decision-making ".According to the understanding and explanation of the use of public choice theory in the aspect of supply in the public decision-making, it conducts an interpretation and analysis of the action of the political parties (politicians) and the government (bureaucratic). First, it analyses the economics behavior of the political parties (politicians), and explicates that the purpose of the economic behavior is to get the maximize votes and the strategies behavior. Second, it analyses the motivation of the government's self-serving. Again, mainly comment the supplying theory of bureaucratic in Niskanen, which respectively describes the monopolistic bureaucratic economic and the competition bureaucratic economic theories. Especially regard with the four aspects of the external environment, the original model, modified model and model expanded, it arranged and commented the formation and development of the economic theory of monopolistic bureaucratic economic theory in Niskanen. Finally, with the view of government functions, benefit groups, bureaucracy and financial, the public choice theory explains the reasons of the government (bureaucratic) size and growth and the commission - Acting problems.Chapter Five is about"the democratization of the public decision-making in China: Reflections on the Public Choice Theory." First, it gives the overall objective evaluation of the public choice theory as a Western economics and political science major schools, and the evaluation not only affirmed his enthusiasm, but also deny their limitations; Secondly, from the five aspects, it gives the inspection and analysis the problems of contemporary Chinese public decision-making and the status. Finally, concern with the public choice theory, it discusses the enlightenment and the pragmatic reality problems of China's public decision-making democratization, and separately comments the five aspects in detail, namely, to face up and confirm the interests of the individual, to strengthen the democratization of civic participation in the decision-making mechanism, to the restrictions and limitations of the government and the official acts, to the awareness and governance of interest groups and rent-seeking corruption, and to strengthening decision-making rules and legal system building.