The Research Of Rice Spatial Distribution

The rice is one of the most important food crops. The spatial distribution of rice has changed largely since rural reform. The change represented two aspects: the total rice planting acreage decreased largely and the production location moved partly from south to north. The movement affects the rice supply in both national and international market. This paper interprets causes and effects of the movement.The whole country rice planting area is divided into six regions by varieties and planting arrangements. There are four major rice production regions in six regions, the middle and lower reaches of Changjiang river region (shortened form, Changjiang region) and south region decreased largely; but north-east region increased largely, and there is little change in south west region. The reasons causing change could be compartmentalize by two tiers. The first tier reason is that industrialization occupied the agricultural land, to decrease the rice planting acreage. It is demonstrated that six regions tillage are affected by industrialization evidently and Changjiang region and south region tillage decrease are mostly caused by industrialization. To calculate simply how much tillage industrialization resulted in rice planting acreage decrease. By discuss the result, tillage decrease brought on rice planting acreage decrease in fact, but to a little extent.The second tier reason is that the proportion of rice in crops changed. The regions rice comparatively profit has changed largely; different substitute crop of paddy determined increase or decrease of each region's rice planting acreage. South and Changjiang region's major substitute crops are vegetable and fruit that profits are higher than rice, so rice area decreased. As northern regions climate is worse, major substitute crops are corn and wheat that profits are lower than rice, so rice area increased. Except for the comparatively profit's difference, in the second tier reason natural resource and food policy also affected the rice area adjust direction. Besides, south west region's farmer plant paddy mostly for self-supply, not for sale, so this region's rice area wasn't affected evidently by these reasons.To analysis Chinese water, tillage and climate resource restriction to the change of the rice planting area. This paper calculates the effect of the rice spatial distribution change. For the northern regions suffered easily disaster, northern regions' rice yield variance is larger than southern regions. So the movement of planting location makes the total production's variance larger, disturbs the rice market.Some rice policy advice is proposed: construct national unite and perfect rice market system, strengthen communication and transport foundation; input rationally rice subsidy by regions' different rice comparatively profit; protect agricultural water, construct irrigation works; develop new rice varieties to resist drought and new productive technology to reduce water usage.