Researches On Socialist Market Supervision In Chinese Economic Transition Period

Transition to socialist market economy is a crucial step of building socialism with Chinese characteristics. In the face of new problems arising in socialist market economy, we come to realize the significance of market supervision. Strengthening market supervision has become an important task of transition from planed economy to market economy and main content of perfecting socialist market economy. Based on socialist market supervision in Chinese economic transition period, my thesis expounds the significance and principles of such supervision, analyzes the problems in reality and grim challenges we confront in the aspect of market supervision in the course of developing socialist market economy in China, emphatically inquires into the ways of standardizing and perfecting the subject, object, behavior, and supervisor of socialist market economy, discusses and displays fundamental contents of soft environment of morals and credibility, legal environment and institutional guarantee that are needed in the course of building socialist market supervision, in order to tackle the problems arising in the period of economic transition and push forward the perfection and development of socialist market economy.My thesis includes ten chapters:The first chapter: connotation and components of market supervision.The concept 'market' belongs to the category of economy and the category of history as well. Based on certain productive forces and having commodity exchange as its core, market is a combination of the place where commodities are exchanged, the behavior of exchanging and human relationships in the course of exchanging. It contains four factors, namely, market subject, market object, market behavior and market order. Market supervision, which is independent, comprehensive and multi-level, refers to the activities of supervisors to directly intervene market subjects' behaviors by restricting and controlling. With both necessity and limitations, socialist market supervision is a long-term and tough task.The second chapter: challenges and innovations of socialist market supervision in the period of economic transition.The reform and transition from planned economy to market economy in China have been proceeding for almost 30 years. The severest challenge that socialist market supervision confronts in the period of economic transition is a chaotic market order, which restricts the sustainable development of economy. There are seven transitions needed to be accomplished in order to intensify market supervision in the period of economic transition. Firstly, the government transfers its function from complete management to supervision, and from administration oriented to market oriented; secondly, we should transfer the mode of supervision from management afterwards to anticipatory precaution; thirdly, we need to transfer our concept from simply emphasizing market competition to attaching great importance to social fairness and social harmony; fourthly, we ought to transfer the object of supervision from a single market to a complex market system; fifthly, we should transfer the environment of supervision from a closed market to an opened one; sixthly, we need to transfer the method of supervision from administrative command to tender supervision under the guidance of law; and finally, we ought to transfer the way of supervision from depending on manpower and spot control to information, remote control and imitation of the spot.The third chapter: basic principles of socialist market supervision in the period of economic transition.We should stick to the principle of basic socialist economic system, of following the law of market, of supervising under the guidance of law, of efficient supervision, of coordination, cooperation and comprehensive improvement, of the combination of relying on specialized administrative agencies and following mass line, of combination of localization and internationalization.The forth chapter: standardization and perfection of the supervision of socialist market subject.From the perspective of its nature, market subject includes market managing subject, market supervising subject and market consuming subject We must rigorously enforce the industry policy of our country by perfecting the regulations about market subject, standardize the behavior of market subject, create an excellent environment that is beneficial to the development of market subject, and continually perfect the system of supervising by credibility; we should attach great importance to develop intermediary institutions and trade associations, improve the ability of managing the society by ourselves, form a mode of co-management of the government and the society, intensify the standardization and supervision of market economy managing subject. At present mature consuming subjects have not formed in our country, we must push forward the standardization and supervision of consuming subjects by transfer the view of government on supervising, further reform the system of circulation, perfect the system of supervising and controlling, establish a platform to release information and to communicate. In the end, we ought to perfect the system of admittance to market in our country, and develop the market subject under the guidance of standards.The fifth chapter: standardization and perfection of the supervision of socialist market object.Market object includes commodities and market We should intensify the supervision of commodities and their quality, establish a sound system of assessing commodity quality, and perfect the system of commodities entering and quitting from the market As to the problem of fake and shoddy products appearing in the market, we should supervise the listed commodities strictly by strengthening the building of market transaction system, promoting an extensive campaign of building a civilized market and fostering civilized managers, and implementing early-warning measures to supervise the market. Remarkable achievements have been made in the construction of China's market system, but we are still in short of a systematic and comprehensive long-term program, and have problems in dividing the market and distributing departments. The intermediary institutions demand further development, the construction of market basic facilities is relatively backward, and the circulation is inefficient. We must perfect the commodity market by perfecting the market for essentials of production, further reforming the system of circulating, push forward the modernization of circulation; we should vigorously expand both the urban and rural market, further expand domestic demand, break up trade barriers among different regions and monopoly in different trades, and build a unified market nationwide; we need to establish a perfect system of social credibility and create a market with high efficiency and fair competition; meanwhile, we ought to intensify the supervision of some trading places, for instance, the place where commodities are exchanged.The sixth chapter: standardization and perfection of the supervision of market behaviors in the economic transition period.Market behaviors include market transaction behaviors and market competition behaviors. Market disorder is mainly caused by market behaviors that fall short of the standard. Market transaction behaviors contain the transaction behaviors between managers and consumers and also that among different managers. In order to standardize market transaction behaviors, we must stick to the principle of equality, willingness and freedom, the principle of fairness, openness, justice, the principle of making compensation at equal value and being mutually beneficial, and the principle of honesty and credibility; moreover, we need to perfect the transaction regulations, set up a system of credibility, strengthen the promotion and education of morals, upgrade people's sense of honesty and credibility. In order to standardize market competition behaviors, we must crack down on improper activities of those managers who violate the principle of honesty and credibility, push their rivals aside and forcibly occupy the market through some immoral, illicit and even illegal means, impair or have the possibility to impair the legal interests of other managers and consumers, and disturb the normal market economic order, furthermore, we need to perfect the competition regulations, prevent the abuse of intellectual property right, get tough on enforcement of law and administration of justice, enhance the authority of competition regulations and keep on well promoting them. Besides, monopoly is kind of severe illicit competition behavior that has bad impact on normal market competition and disturbs a good market order. We must crack it down on forbidding cartels, administrative monopoly and the abuse of market dominance, and controlling the consolidation of enterprises.The seventh chapter: re-supervision of the supervisors in economic transition period.Since we need the 'visible hand'——government to intervene and supervise market malfunction by adjusting the distribution of people's income, breaking up the market monopoly, providing public products what are unavailable in market system, getting over those external problems that caused by market system, and stabilizing macro economy to maintain a smooth economic growth. Meanwhile, the malfunction of the government needs to be supervised, too. We should stick to and thoroughly apply Scientific Outlook on Development, shift the functions of government, possessively build an efficient government with limitations for public service, and take various kinds of measures, such as setting the power of the government apart and keeping each part balanced, getting supervision from the public and the central government, assessing the achievements of the officials and bringing their working under control, so that we can intensify the supervision and control of those supervisors and standardize the working of government.The eighth chapter: construction of a soft environment with morals and credibility for socialist market supervision.A soft environment for socialist market supervision mainly contains two aspects: morals and credibility. Morals, kind of social rational spirit, are ignored at some extent nowadays. Since a new moral system suitable to the development of market economy has not been formed in the whole society yet, we need to lay down moral standards for market economy, such as adhering to the principle of fairness, mutual benefit, credibility and social interests, the principle of centering on serving for people, the principle of collectivism, behaving in accordance with the basic demands of loving our country, our people, working, science and socialism, attaching importance to public ethics, professional ethics, and family virtues, so that a sound socialist moral system can be established. Lacking of credibility is an important factor causing market disorder at present. We must set up a system of credibility with morals as its pillar, property rights as foundation, and law as guarantee, by establishing a sound system of laws and regulations, perfecting the system of supervising by credibility and punishing the dishonest behaviors, strengthening the building of electronic government affairs, bringing credibility information into the open, developing "a million credible enterprises" activities and taking positive steps to promote credibility.The ninth chapter: establishment of a sound and perfect legal system for market supervision in economic transition period.A legal system for supervision is the most important component of the supervision system. It not only sets up principles and bottom-lines of behaving for the objects of supervision, but also standardizes the type, quantity, and executive procedure of supervisors' power. China has established a preliminary legal system for socialist market supervision, but it is still very backward on the whole. So we must behave under the guidance of running state affairs according to law, view from the angle of setting up a system, standardizing its rights and duties and ensuring its rights and interests, attach great importance to establish a legal system with market subjects as its supervisors, in which property rights can be defined and protected, market transaction can be proper and efficient, and competition will be appropriate, set up a supervision system that depends heavily on credit and law, adjust and standardize economic activities and economic relationships.The tenth chapter: construction of a new market supervision system in the economic transition period.Market supervision system, which is fixed by law, refers to the organization and function of restricting market subjects and their behavior for the purpose of achieving supervision goals. The construction of supervision system, which attaches great importance to efficiency, demands us to find a high-performance system in tune with China's actual conditions in the transition period. At present, the subjects of market supervision have expanded from government institutions to a diversity group of quasi-government organizations, self-disciplined non-government organizations and microcosmic market subject. In order to construct new market supervision system in the economic transition period, we must counter the main problems existing in the present system, consider government institutions of supervision as the core, give full play to the function of business association's self-discipline, enterprises' self-control, social supervision and consumers' participation, perfect the market supervision system that combines administrative enforcement of laws, self-discipline of different trades, supervision by public opinion and masses' participation, establish a modern market supervision organization with clear arrangement, definite division of labor, large assortment of functions and perfect structure. Therefore, government institutions of supervision should play the key role and make best of their functions; we need to adjust the power allocation between different parallel market supervision departments, merge the functions of related departments and establish market administrative institutions with relatively centralized power; we should adjust the power allocation between different vertical market supervision departments and straighten out their own administrative systems; we ought to bring the positive functions of independent social management into play, regard the professional self-disciplined supervision of business associations as necessary supplements, set up modernized enterprises system which has the self-control of enterprises themselves as microcosmic foundations of market supervision, and finally attract a large number of consumers to participate and give full play to the supervision functions of the mass.