Industrial Cluster In The Course Of Industrialization

Today's economic map of the world is dominated by what are called industrial clusters. Industrial clusters formed in the course of industrialization make the world become as gorgeous"economic mosaics", most of the fortunes were created in these areas. The idea that clustering can boosts a nation, s industrial grows and competitiveness has been testified by the facts of industrialization of the developed countries, so many developing countries follow the lead of the developed ones to draw the policies to induce the forming of the industrial clusters, so as to accelerate their industrialization.But the research on industrial clusters is dissatisfactory. As a phenomenon of economical organization, industrial clusters should have been given a accepted explanation by the theory of Neoclassical Economics, but there was almost nobody of the neoclassical economists who has paid any attention to this field since A.Marshall, so no convincing explanation has been put forward as yet. Recently people attempt to give industrial cluster a theoretical explanation from different angles, such as new industrial district theory, competitive advantage theory, new economic geography, new economic sociology etc. This phenomenon indicates that the framework of Neoclassical Economics must have its limitation, although it made the economics become a relative exact subject. The crucial limitation of Neoclassic Economics is that it abandoned the theory of division of labor——the kernel of the economics, so the organization such as industrial clusters have been excluded out of the framework. Helpless is it when we try to analyze the relationships between industrial clusters and industrialization.This article aims to giving industrial cluster an acceptable explanation by the means of building a framework of analyzing, and to analyzing the relationships between industrial clusters and industrialization.Adopting the methods of combining documents study with investigations study, theoretical research with positive research, this paper mainly probe into the following questions:1) Analyzing framework of industrial cluster and mechanism in which industrial cluster formed. Based on the theory of new classical economics, and absorbed the new achievement of new industrial district theory, competitive advantage theory, new economic geography, new economic sociology etc, we build an analyzing framework to industrial clusters. We prove that one of the main reasons of the formation and development of the cluster is the deepening of professional specialization and the expansion of trading net. The deepening of specialization has promoted the industrialization. With the expansion of trading net, all kinds of trading expense increased swiftly. In order to reduce trading expense for the purpose of an increase of reward, and to further deepen the coordination of specialization, the cluster happens in time, and develops along with the development of specialization. On the contrary, the development of cluster further promotes the deepening of professional specialization and the expansion of trading net.2) Classifying, lifecycle and mechanism of innovation of industrial clusters. Based on the theories of Markusen,s and Philip McCann,s,we bring forward a new method for Chinese industrial clusters. In the theory of lifecycle of industrial cluster, we hold that an industrial cluster usually experiences five phases: naissance, forming, growth, maturity and petrify. On the study of industrial cluster, we classified them as endogenetic risk and exogenous risk, the former includes structural risk and network risk etc, the later includes periodic risk and policy risk. The mechanism of innovation net of industrial cluster was analyzed separately from the microcosmic and macroscopical angles.3) Transformation of governance mechanism of industrial clusters in China during the neotype industrialization. The road of neotype industrialization require Chinese industrial clusters must choose a kind of new pattern of governance mechanism with informazation, ecologicalization, globalization and marketization, so that attain the aims of acquiring good benefit, retrenching energy sources and reducing the contaminant. The main content of the pattern of governance includes ecologicalization and Eco-Industrial Park, informatization and Virtual Enterprises Cluster, outsourcing logistics and its costs reducing.4) Exogenous risks of industrial clusters in developing countries: Based on GVC governance mechanism. From the point view of Global Value Chain,this article analyses the exogenous risks of industrial clusters in developing countries,it constructs the analysis framework based on GVC governance mechanism, distribution of additional value of product and station at GVC of the manufacturers in developing countries,and gives a analysis on the risk resources and the corresponding countermeasures to attempt to offer some useful warning to developing countries.5) Case study on industrial clusters during the industrialization. In this chapter we choose three paradigms from developed countries and three paradigms from developing countries, and give them a systems analysis respectively from the angles of background, status and problems etc.