Research On The Measurement And Appraisal Of High-tech Industry Niche

The niche figured organism's utilizing situation of resources and environment. The most suit niche is seized of each species in the long-term struggle for existence. The niche of high-tech industry represents the controlling resources and adaptive ability of high-tech industry. The level of niche determines the capability of high-tech industry accessing to the superiority resources in the regional economic system. High-tech industry realizes their own evolution through continuous adjustment to the niche fitness, the niche expansion and the niche transition. The essence of the niche evolution is the interaction matching situation between elements and niche genes and the dynamic changes of evolution mode, evolution path and evolution character. The niche fitness of different industries can be established though niche construction and various ecologic strategy choice. High-tech industry's niche construction is not only the changing of industrial sector combination but also the evolution of market structure, technical architecture and spatial structure. High-tech industry's niche construction is a multi-dimensional evolving process along with the industry chain and value chain.In this dissertation, high-tech industry is studied on the basis of the theory of evolution economics, evolution ecology and systematic science. Five aspects of Chinese high-tech industry are researched according to its actual development situation with synthetic method of qualitative and quantitative analysis, the synthetic method of positive and normative analysis and the comparative analysis. The first is the niche view of high-tech industry. The connotation and characteristic of the high-tech industry niche is defined, the environment structure, the environment fitness, the niche evolution nature and the growth model is analyzed. The second is the niche construction and the niche strategy choosing. It mainly contains the meaning, mechanism and spatial pattern of high-tech industry, the niche construction model is established; the development status of high-tech industry is lucubrated using K-r strategy. The high-tech industry niche competition and symbiotic model is set up and the high-tech industry niche co-evolution mechanism is systematic analyzed. The third is the measurement of high-tech industry. The evolution situation in time and spatial series of Chinese high-tech industry is measured by the information entropy, the concentration degree index andβindex. The result indicates that high-tech industry niche takes on remarkable space-time differentiation characteristics. Its evolution speed and evolution situation is different in different regions and industries. There is a convergent pattern to the steady state in the enterprise knowledge spillover and imitation structure which forms the screw type advancement of innovation and imitation. Knowledge spillover effect relates to R&D, trade and traffic condition, the mobility of labor force, the enterprise knowledge absorbency, the flexibility of market mechanism, the time lag of knowledge spillover and the changes of factory site besides trade cost and space-time span. The fourth is appraisement of high-tech industry niche. The level of niche in different industry and region is appraised through three dimensions of market niche, technology niche and resources niche. The adaptability status and element characteristics of niche are researched in different industry and region. By the comprehensive analysis of high-tech industry niche evaluation system, we found that the niche level of Electronic and Telecommunication Equipments Manufacturing higher than other three types of high-tech manufacturing industry, including Computers and Office Equipments Manufacturing, Aircraft and spacecraft Manufacturing, Medical and Pharmaceutical Products Manufacturing. The niche level of Medical Treatment Instrument and Meter Manufacturing is lower. The present level of high-tech industry niche shows rising trend. The dominant comparative advantages of market niche are constantly increasing, the evolution path of technology niche is oscillation upgrading, and the control ability of resource niche has been improved year by year. High-tech industrial sort has emerged non-equilibrium in high-strong region of higher niche level in China. The coexistence pattern of multiple economic sectors and the export-oriented economic model of the eastern coastal areas promote powerful the rapid development of high-tech industry. The central and western regions have disadvantage in attracting foreign investment and expanding exports. Because of the bottleneck, the lower market niche and technology niche delayed the development pace of these areas. Finally, the countermeasure and suggestion are put forward in three respects which include implementing management strategy of niche separation, realizing sustainable development of high-tech industry niche and creating ecological environment of high-tech industry development.