Study On Tourism System Management And Sustainable Tourism Development

The yearly increase rate of tourism research literature is 17.14%,and the yearly increase rate of tourism citation is 36.62%from CSSCI database during from 1998 to 2005,what proved powerfully that tourism research had been becoming academic hotspot.In view of the facts that no common concept systems and no common discipline basic theory in the tourism research,and emerging many unsustainable problems and facing the stern challenges in the tourism practice,this paper presented Tourism System Management Theory taking the application of System Management Theory in tourism as the master line,and taking strategic subsystem,operation subsystem and harmony subsystem as the basic framework.The openness of tourism system integrates Tourism System Management theory and Sustainable Tourism Development theory into a unified analysis framework.The primary purpose of this research lied in exploring the promotion mechanism of the tourism system's operation,the performance shape of the system's special characteristics,the participation way of the system's competition,and the realization way of the system's value increment. Furthermore,this paper revealed the relationship of Tourism System Management and Sustainable Tourism Development through the empirical evidence.The fundamental research carried on the integration to tourism research by system philosophy idea, system analysis technology and system management way,with combination interdisciplinary research and canonical parse,with combination radiation thought and convergence thought.The study indicated:The tourism system was comprised of four essential factors,such as,tourism dynamic subsystem,tourism product supplies subsystem,tourism value chain coordinated subsystem,and tourist destination coordinated subsystem. This characteristic reflected the aggregative of the tourism system;The tourism system had dynamic structure, product supplies structure,industry structure,spatial structure and tourist source structure.This characteristic reflected the hierarchical of the tourism system;Tourism dynamic subsystem located at the decision-making level,tourism product supplies subsystem located at the operation level,tourism value chain subsystem and tourist destination subsystem both located at the control levels of tourism System Management,promoted the tourism system's revolution together;The characteristic reflected the tourism system's relevance.The core of the tourism system is providing the high quality complete tourism experiences to the tourists.The biggest variable of the tourism system is the tourists' behavior variable.The empirical research took three sets,522 pieces of questionnaires faced to tourists,tourism businesses and tourism experts as the study tools,carried on descriptive statistics,principal component analysis,factor analysis,correlation analysis and regression analysis using SPSS 11.5.The study indicated:The internal constitutions of tourism product supply system have significant positive influence on tourist experiences;The internal constitutions of tourism value chain management have significant positive influence on environment quality,equity development,tourist experiences and ecology consciousness,but not on resident lives;The internal constitutions of destination management have significant positive influence on environment quality, equity development,ecology consciousness and resident lives,but not on tourist experiences.The principal innovations of this paper are as follows:(1)Extended the foundation concepts of the touism discipline,such as,tourism,tourism system,tourist activity,and so on,based on System Management Theory and STD Theory;Clarified the confusion condition of Tourism Product concept using system comparison method;Gave some new concepts,such as,tourism dynamic system,tourism complete experience product,destination experience product,tourism product supply system,and so on.(2)Presented that tourism dynamic system was a system which was constituted with the ultimate dynamic of the five adaptive agent activities,such as,tourists,tourism industries,destination management organizations, origin managenmt organizations,tourism communities,using the canonical parse method,based on the system philosophy idea and the unity and opposites of contradictory law;Discussed the relational links formed by the tourism dynamic system constitutions might provide theory warranties and research boundaries for the various tourism branch disciplines based on General System Structure Theory;Presented the evolving law of the tourism dynamic system structure profited from Maslow's Humanity Need Levels Theory,and conducted the empirical study taking China's National Tourism Administration work documents in recent 8 years as the sample.(3)Presented the four essential factors of measuring the supply quality of tourism product were core product,facilitate product,supporting product and extended product based Service Marketing Theory;In view of the tourism discipline concept systems' confusion condition,creatively carried on the comparison between a higher education system and a tourism system,the comparison between a university and a destination, theoretically gave the tourism discipline core concept system initially;Gave four sets of optimization techniques of tourism operation subsystem based system analysis technology;The empirical study discoveried that tourist product supply system was composed of four factors,such as,social intercourse,visitor experience, experiences safeguard and experiences integrity.(4)presented tourism supply chain which took tour wholesaler as core enterprise was a kind of tourist-source-controlling supply chain,which had the potential of promoting STD,based on system management way and Value Chain/Supply Management Theory;Analyzed that there were two fund flows,one was fair,another was hided,in the operation process of inclusive tourism in China,and revealed out the operation secret of low price or even "zero-commission" inclusive tourism;The empirical study discoveried that tourism value chain management was composed of three factors,such as,value chain strategy,supply chain strategy and value provider.(5)presented that destination system had a dissipative structure and discussed that the constructing procedure of a destination system management framework included four stages of the system's foundation decision-making,system's design,system's revolution and control as well as the inspection and appraises of the system revolution results based system management way and Regional Tourism Planning Theory; Presented the specific destination system management strategy through constructing approach-target system analysis model with Taking Guangzhou city and Hainan province as cases based on system's integrity principle and comprehensive principle.The empirical study discoveried that destination management was composed of four factors,such as ecology management,origin management,destination competition and resource integration.(6)Founded Tourism System Management Theory and discussed that the relationship and roles between tourism system management and STD strategy based on System Management Theory and Enterprise System Management Theory.Tourism System Management is an important part implemented the STD strategy and the most important way realized the STD goals.However,tourism System Management is different in level and scope,that is,Tourism System Management plays a role of condition or foundation,however,STD plays a role of guideline.