Person Orientation, Efficiency And Fairness

Peter F.Drucker is regarded as the founder of modern science of management,standard-bearer in the field of management,and is called "Master of Masters in Management". He is the most outstanding and influential thinker in the field of enterprise management.His ideas on Management Ethics constitute the core of his initiations in management theory and practice.Drucker' s Management Ethics derived mainly from various schools of Western Management theories,modern western management ethics and Dewey' s new individualism,etc.Various practical problems,conflicts,and crises existing in the modern society,culture and management led to the birth of Drucker' s management ethics.To deal with the problems which emerge in the modern society,especially to help organizations (enterprises) through the difficult situations in their operation or development,Drucker hoped to establish an objective,fair and effective theory of management ethics.Drucker' s thoughts on management ethics are rich and profound,the most brilliant point of which lies in the realization of the interaction between person orientation, efficiency and fairness in management practice.By examining Drucker' s ideas on management ethics,this paper expatiates on Drucker' s idea on the interaction between person orientation,efficiency and fairness.On the basis of the existentialistic ideas of Kierkegaard,Sartre and others, by examining questions like "What is human?","What should human be?" and "How should human realize himself?" etc. Drucker exhibited his humanistic tendency.On the basis of pragmatism,Drucker absorbed the notion of "adaptive efficiency" of new institutional society,and put forward that efficiency should consist of economic efficiency and social efficiency.Drucker critically inherited theories on right of Natural Law and John Rawls' s justice theory,and emphasized in management practice the ideals of equal treatment,equal employment opportunity,equal promotion opportunity,equality among disadvantageous groups,and equality with unequal results.Drawing on ideas of Hayek,Rawls,Nozick and others on the relationship between people orientation,efficiency and fairness,Drucker put forward that person orientation is the value orientation and basis of efficiency and fairness,that efficiency and fairness help people orientation come out.In Drucker' s management ethics,person orientation, efficiency and fairness are not merely basic notions of value; they are present in the whole process of management practice. The interaction mainly demonstrates it in the following:the productive purposes which value both justice and interest,the productive rules with value identification,marketing ethical standards giving teleology to teleology and giving attention to altruism,doctrines of trust as basis,customers first and green marketing,employment principle of able man instead of perfect man,fair and reasonable principles of human resources allocation,human resource development objectives based on moral quality,and moral requirements for the managers such as responsibility,innovation,righteousness,tolerance, punctuality and team spirit.The main characteristic of Drucker' s management ethics is the interaction between theory and practice of management ethics and the proper tension between humanistic and scientific spirits.Nevertheless,his theory has its theoretical incompleteness and Self-contradictory.Drucker' s management ethics can be used as reference in improving management of enterprises in China.In view of the practical national conditions and status quo of enterprise management,we should uphold the following aspects in theory and practice."People orientation" is the essence of enterprise management.The favorable interaction between right, efficiency and justice is the mechanism of enterprise management.The effective combination of ethics and system is the way of enterprise management.The integration and coordination between profits and obligations is the goal of enterprise management.