The Spontaneous Evolution And Design Of Institution

In the world, what man wants to get mostly is freedom. God not only created the universe, but also created rules. So everyone must obey the rules whenever he do anything. The history of the development of human society is a process of understanding and utilizing the limiting factors. Understanding and utilizing the limiting factors of the material promote the development of science and technology. Understanding and utilizing the limiting factors of the society promote to reflect on institution and cultural and religion, and improve and develop society knowledge. In these limiting factors, institution is the most effective one for its direct control systems and hard restraints. In this article, the most important breakthrough is that a logical connection between personal behavior and institution evolving is established, and the contradiction between micro-macro theories is hushed up, and the spontaneously evolving and artificially designing of institution is meshed with each other in theory.Every nation or society has its unique history, this leads to its distinct institution culture and patterns. The different processes of establishment and development of institution between Chinese culture and Western culture, and the concept of institution is discussed. all these lay the groundwork for a future discussion.If we want to study something, we must base on the underlying theory in the relevant fields. When we study the development of institution from the perspective of economics, there are some underlying theories: the old and the new institutionalism, the Marxist economics, and so on. They work in argument and complement each other. All of them together constitute the cornerstones of our study of the evolution of institution.In order to analyze the process of the development of institution, we must divide the process into two patterns: design or spontaneous evolution. Spontaneously evolving is the basics of artificially designing, but it has the working range and limitation of itself. This article takes personal preference, which is the basis of personal behavior, as the premise of the evolution of institution. It examines the basic model of spontaneously evolving, and discusses the factors and effects outside the institution system. These discussions help us understand the path-dependence of institution evolving, and find the way to overcome it.We research on the spontaneously evolving for understanding what behaviors should be selected: we should design the institution or not, and how to design if we should. In order to answer the two questions, we need to examine the basis and the subjects of designing institution, and the restraint conditions for designing institution, and the principle and practice of designing institution, and so on.Besides the economic theories, the complexity theory gives us a different but illuminating perspective for the study of the evolution of institution system. Combining this perspective, we can more clearly understand the two patterns of the evolution of institution, and more definitely select the behaviors of ourselves.