Study Of Bidding And Pricing Decision Based On Valuation With Bill Quantity

Our country has promoted valuation with bill quantity from 2003.The price mechanism of the market is gradually forming in the construction field,which provided a more fair competition environment to every construction enterprise that participates the bidding and the freedom degree of the bidders' bidding consumedly increased.Then,it is hard to adapt to the request for majority construction enterprises,because they have never established internal norms,have no systematic data for cost accounting,and lack decision technology for bidding and pricing.Under this kind of situation,perfecting the work of bidding and pricing to adapt to valuation with bill quantity is the key for construction enterprises to obtain competitive advantage and keep long time existence and development abilities.Owing to the present situation that valuation with bill quantity is still not mature in our nation,this paper systematic exposits the formation mechanism of bidding and pricing based on the mode of valuation with bill quantity,which divides bidding and pricing into two part of engineering cost and mark-up.The engineering cost for definition includes direct cost and indirect cost and the mark-up includes the profits and risk expenses.The engineering cost which has many influencing factors is the main part of the bidding.This paper divides these influencing factors into two types:the characteristic factor and the management factor of the engineering project,and carries on respectively detailed analysis,which defines the fluctuation interval of engineering cost in bidding:the upper limit is decided by bids control price,then the lower limit is decided by the cost level of business enterprises themselves.Based on the former cost datas,the fluctuation interval can be calculated by using mathematics model established by quality cost and profit analysis principle.The source of engineering project risks includes the engineering risks outside the project and risks inside the project,as while as the risks contractors undertake include decision fault risk,contracting risk,contract fulfill risk,project management risk and force majeure risk. Bidding and pricing risk is influenced by the pricing way of contracts and is related to market environment of the project and the contract system which applies to.Combining engineering practice,the latent risk in Bidding and pricing is analyzed in this paper,which is cause of the irregular market environment and the imperfect standard construction contract text.Whether the business enterprises'norms perfect or not is the key for cost calculation,and it's also the important fundamental work to improve the competitiveness of bidding.The paper analyzes the characteristic of the business enterprises'norms,establishes the frame structure of the business enterprises'norms system,and studies the formulation method of norm indexes. As another fundamental work,the establishment of the business enterprises'bidding management information is analyzed,and suggestion to the construction of business enterprise engineering cost database and price information database is put forward.Bidding and pricing decision is a process that based on the cost accounting,further analysis problems possibility emergence or latent risk,explicit bid environment,judge the position of oneself,establish fight reply of bid strategy,and then determine bid offer.Different from traditional bid environment analysis which only be limited by qualitative analysis,this paper combines SWOT analysis method and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method together to structure SWOT analysis model,by which we can provide basis for choosing of bidding strategy according to provide quantitative data to carry on analysis to the bid of business enterprise situation.Aiming at the characteristics of the mark-up decision,the mark-up rate decision problem is solved by RBF neural network in this paper.By absorbing the previous experiences and research results and using the MATLAB neural network toolbox,this paper defines 18 main factors which can influent mark-up rate,and establishes RBF neural network model used for mark-up rate decision in bidding and pricing.