Statistical Research On The Resident Income Distribution And Its Changes

Resident income distribution is one of the most important definitions which reflect the structural status and changes of income and wealth distribution in residents. It is also the basis of further quantitative researches on income distribution. In the view of Statistics, resident income distribution is law or function of the relationship between income levels and the corresponding population scale. The most common forms are the Cumulative Distribution Function (CDF) and Probability Density Function (PDF). If the income distributin can be estimated suitably, we can find all information about the income distribution, then find the structure and law of the distribution.Non-parametric statistical methods can be divided into two parts: Traditional Non-parametric Statistics and Modern Non-parametric Statistics. Basing on the rank and non-parametric statistical tests, the former mainly assumes the specific form of resident income distribution and make inferences. The latter are methods developing in the past three decades which includes non-parametric regression, nonparametric density estimation and so on. When the exact form of resident income distribution is unknown, non-parametric kernel estimation methods estimate the income distribution form basing on the information from the real data.Purposes of this paper are doing researches on the non-parametric methods when the income distribution is unknow. These researches include estimating the distributional form of resident income, measuring the changes of income distribution, decomposing the factors affecting the changes and applying all the methods in our country's practice. Concretely speaking, they are as followings:(1) Comparing and analyzing the methods of Modern Non-parametric Statistics, Parametric Statistics and Traditional non-parametric Statistics in estimating the form of resident income distribution.(2) Researching the non-parametric kernel estimation method and applying it to estimating the form of resident income distribution. (3) Presenting the relative distribution method which can measure the income distribution changes systematically.(4) Constructing the point and interval decomposition methods which can decompose the factors affecting the income distribution changes.(5) Using the real micro-data, this paper analyzes the resident income distribution in China. Mainly includes: estimating Chinese resident income distribution form, measuring its changing process, decomposing and measuring the growth effect and distribution effect which lead to the changes, analyzing the economic meanings of the changes.(6) Applying the modern non-parametric methods to the researches of the middle-income matters. Basing on the static and dynamic standards, this paper estimates the scale of Chinese middle-income residents; decomposes the growth effect, distribution effect and the standard effect which affect the changes of the scale.Theory, Methods, and Innovation: Through a comprehensive comparison to different theories and methods estimating the income distribution form, analyzing the irreplaceable advantages of non-parametric kernel estimation method; presenting the operation steps of kernel method in estimating income distribution forms and applying them in the R language software. All the above contents form the foundation of the theories and methods in this paper which constitutes the first innovation of this paper.Focuses, Difficulties and Innovation: Researching on the methods of estimating resident income distribution form, measuring its changes, decomposing the factors affecting the changes is the core and significant feature of this paper. First, this paper puts forward the relative distribution methods measuring the changes of income distribution and expounds its economic meanings perfectly. Through the relative distribution function and relative density function values, it measures the changes of the population scale at different income point and the cumulative population scale in different income intervals. Secondly, this paper describes the fixed points in income distribution changing process and applying this phenomenon in practical researches. Thirdly, this paper originally introduces the compensated income distribution density curve and constructs the decomposition methods. The method concludes point decomposition and range decomposition, both of which can be used to measure the overall impact of changes in income distribution. This part is not only the most important and difficult content in this paper, but also constitute the second innovation in this paper.Practical Characteristics and Innovation: Basing on the micro data, this paper applies the modern non-parametric methods developed in this paper to the research of the resident income distribution and the middle-income issues, giving reasonably explaination and conclusion. This paper systematically analyzes the meaning and the standards of the middle-income residents, puts forward the static and dynamic standards of their income, estimates their scale, measures the scale changes, decomposes the factors affecting the changes. This paper dynamically decomposes and measures the growth effect, distribution effect and standard effect which affect the Chinese middle-income residents for the first time and give out the explainations and conclusions consistent with the fact. This paper implements all the methods into empirical study which constitutes the third innovation.