The Farmer Specialized Cooperatives: Achievements And Improvement Of Relevant System And Environment

China is a large agricultural nation, the issue of the agriculture, the countryside and the farmer has been an important one in China. In 1978, the Third Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC made the reform and opening policy the major decision, and promoted the household contract responsibility system in countryside, which emancipated enormously the countryside productive forces, and solved the fanners' problem of food and clothing initially. But, with the enhancement of our country agriculture marketability and the internationalization , in the two-tier management system featuring the integration of centralization and decentralization, the traditional collective economy organizations undertaking "the unified management" is nominal,and the limits of small scale peasant household separate management starts to reveal in the process of domestic and foreign market competition, in the course of taking the road of common prosperity and preventing polarization, as well as developing resource-saving and environment-friendly modern agriculture. Hence, it will be an important issue to build socialism new countryside and realize the goal of constructing comprehensive affluent society on the basis of innovating the agriculture management system and the mechanism, establishing a modern agriculture management system with Chinese characteristic, realizing the goal of "the second leap" of agriculture proposed by Deng Xiaoping, enhancing the economy, the society and the ecological benefit of agriculture while insisting household contract responsibility system. The historic experiences of domestic and foreign indicate that it is the solution to the issue of agriculture, the countryside and the farmers to guide farmers to organize by the cooperative society form according to the international recognized cooperation system principle.Using the theory of transaction cost, theory of property rights, theory of public choice, theory of industrial organization, theory of cooperative system, this thesis discusses the entitative regulations of the cooperative system, and analyses the main impetus of the farmer specialized cooperatives, and summarize the characteristic of four basic developing models in the view of the subject of system originating.From the prespect of "the tertiary achievements"of economy, society and ecology, this thesis proposes an achievement indicator system frame of farmer specialized cooperatives, establishes an evaluation mode including 6 second-level targets, 14 appraisal level targets using analytic hierarchy process (the AHP law), makes an empirical test on data of farmer specialized cooperatives in Hunan province. The test indicates that this appraisal pattern has strong feasibility.Based on the empirical test of farmer specialized cooperatives in Hunan province, this thesis analyses its achievements and the internal influence factors as well as its present situation and the flaws. Furthermore, the thesis analyses the restricting factors of institutional innovation of farmer specialized cooperatives, and proposes the main frame inclduing its basic principle, the overall goal, corresponding property system, distribution system and internal management structure.At the same time, the thesis analyses the relevance between achievements and its main external environment factor of farmer specialized cooperatives using the Probit regression analysis model. The research indicates: among 14 factors, the factors, such as the consummation degree of cooperatives laws and regulations, the validity of encouragement to the person in charge of cooperatives, and the support from society, and so on, have obvious positive influence on the farmer specialized cooperatives, while other factors have not remarkable influence on them, which provides essential reference for optimizing the external environmentof farmer specialized cooperatives.On the basis of summarizing the experiences and lessons of foreign and domestic farmer cooperatives, the thesis conducts a preliminary study on how to create suitalbe political,economical and cultural environment for the farmer cooperatives development, and discusses approaches that the government will take to support the the farmer specialized cooperatives. Then the thesis proposes some suggestion: 1) in the aspect of politics and law, the government should first pay more attention to the microcosmic stratification then macroscopic stratification, in the aspect of economy, the government establish Pratt and Whitney's-like financial credit mechanism; 2) the direct fiscal support fund of governments at all levels should be concentrated on either as credit guarantee fund or support to the fine cooperatives; 3)The service instruction should stress on the scientific evaluation, and intervenes indirectly the specialized cooperatives so as to enhance the tertiary achievements.