Tourist Towns Industry Cluster Dynamic Evolution

This research is the sub-research project of"the Scientific Development and Independent Innovation of China's Industries"research project (Approval No.: 211XK06), which is the key project in 211third period of Fudan University. It is aimed at exploring the scientific direction of "Second Undertaking" development of China tourism industry, and providing a theoretical basis and a policy reference to build tourism industry as "Strategic Economic Pillar Industry" and to speed up the process of urbanization, through the research of the industry cluster in tourism town.Industry Cluster in Tourism Town, means, a net-based industry cluster system, in the tourism town, which takes the specific tourism production sector as the core, and attracts other tourism sectors to gather around the core sector according to the tourists' demands, and is supported by other local industries from peripheral layer. This research focuses on the process and mechanism of dynamic evolution of industry cluster in tourism town, from both the theory study and case study.The theory study is based on the Industry Cluster Theory and Evolutional Economics Theory, combining with the related theories from Tourism, Industrial Economics, Regional Economics, Management, and Sociology, to answer the core questions of the dynamic evolution of industry cluster in tourism town. These core questions includes:the formation mechanism of industry cluster in tourism town, the model, path and dynamic mechanism of the basic structure evolution of the industry cluster in tourism town, and the model and process of the space evolution of the industry cluster in tourism town. The research conclusions can be summarized as: Firstly, the industry clusters in most tourism towns are the results of both market mechanism and administration mechanism. The dynamic evolution of the industry cluster in tourism town includes internal structure evolution and external space evolution. Secondly, the internal structure of the industry cluster in tourism town, presents the net-based structure, which expands from the core layer to the closely related layer, and to the peripheral looser layer. The dynamic evolution of the cluster structure is promoted by the change of the tourists'needs, developed by the change of the production of core layer, and forms different evolution paths according to the change of the core layer. The evolution models of cluster structure include Resource-Oriented Model, Function-Oriented Model, and Comprehensiveness-Oriented Model.Different models for different types of industry clusters in tourism towns, have different evolution paths, but show the same evolution trend of quality improvement and differentiation. The dynamic mechanism, which turns the change of tourists' needs into the evolution of cluster structure, is the Enterprise Innovation-Market Choose-Innovation Expansion Mechanism, driven by the tourist's needs. Thirdly, the basic models of the space evolution of the industry clusters in tourism towns can be divided into Clustering Model, Deriving Model and Expansion Model. These three models constitute a complete process of space evolution of industry cluster in tourism town, which starts from the single town, then derives into the multiple ones, finally forms the regional tourism destination system.The case study takes the development of industry clusters in tourism towns in Yunnan province as the cases, focuses on the dynamic evolution process and mechanism of the industry cluster in Dayan (Lijiang City, Yunnan Province) tourism town, according to the theory study structure. From the research, the Author approves that, the industry cluster in Dayan tourism town takes Function-Oriented Model as the structure evolution model, and has experienced four structure evolution stages:1) The Single Core Stage, in which Dayan only takes the humanities scenic as the core of industry cluster; 2)The Core Change Stage, in which the tourism shopping gradually becomes the new core of industry cluster; 3)The Multiple Core Stage, in which the single core evolutes to the multiple cores, including shopping, restaurants and hostels; 4) The Improvement Stage, in which all the cluster parts focus on the improvement of the productions as well as the service quality. The example of developing special tourist product in Dayan proves that creative product innovation and marketing innovation of tourism enterprises promote the structure evolution of industry cluster in Dayan town. The spaces evolution of the industry cluster in Dayan tourism town follows the principle of periodic development. The evolution has experienced 1) Clustering Model, in which the industry cluster just happens in Dayan tourism town; 2)Deriving Model, in which the industry clusters develop from Dayan to Suhe town; and 3) the Expansion Model, in which the tourism destination system of Lijiang was formed. This research describes the whole process of the dynamic evolution of industry cluster in Dayan tourism town, based on the study of structure evolution and space evolution.Through theory study and case study, the author proves that the theory research has practical value; the research results of the dynamic evolution of industry cluster in tourism town can fully explain the practices. Based on theory study and case study, the author concludes the problems in the process of dynamic evolution of industry clusters in tourism towns, and takes the practical experience in Yunnan province as the base, to presents the policy of improving structure evolution is building a new construction model of tourism towns, with clear function divisions of government, industry clusters and business, and the policy of improving space evolution is building the government intervention mechanism, which focuses on policy guide, source check, process control and environment construction. Then, the author takes targeted analysis on the problems and solution in the process of dynamic evolution of industry cluster in Dayan town.