Research On The Development Of Tourism Service Trade In China

Tourism in China's service trade sectors have maintained the largest surplus, it is the most important source of foreign exchange. China has in fact established a big country status in tourism service trade. But the way towards great power in tourism is still difficult. Based on the considerations, this paper is largely concerned with the development of tourism service trade in China. In strict accordance with standard methods of economics, following the logic of issues, literature review, theoretical analysis, empirical research, countermeasures design, the development of China's tourism services trade issues has been systematically studied.The products traded in tourism service trade have both the special nature of tourism products and the nature of goods in trade, this paper firstly makes a comparative analysis of the differences between international tourism, service trade, and related concepts, and thus gives the definition of trade in tourism service. From tourism definition of IASET, the consumer has to go to and stay at the destination for some time, we can see it only involves the mode moving to the location. But, according to the General Agreement on Trade in Services (GATS), trade in tourism services has four different delivery modes, which involves not only the consumer's movement of position, but also provider's movement of position, or both of them stay at the same position without any movement. Therefore, the concept boundary of tourism service trade is much wider than that of international tourism, but the development of international which involves the movement of position is a prerequisite and basis of the tourism service trade, which is also the main researching object of this paper.Present theory on the tourism service trade does not form a complete systematic research framework. Based on the classic paradigm of international trade theory, this paper reviewed and evaluated the literatures respectively from three aspects: the causes of trade in tourism services, the structure, and the economic effects of the development of trade in tourism service trade in China. And these clues are also applied to the construction of the theory framework of each chapter. In the following chapters, we regard China's tourism service trade development as an open system, it consists of firstly the input influencing factor, then the structural problems, and lastly the output economic effects.The structure of the development of trade in tourism services mainly reflected in two dimensions of space and time. From the time structure, China's tourism industry has experienced a non-conventional development path during nearly 60 years of development. Firstly, it is the international market which called "one-way drive" for China's tourism industry, then the "two-way driver" from both international and domestic market, and now tends to "domestic demand-driven type" mainly from domestic market. After exports, investment became the main driver in order, the consumption with tour as its representative will play an important role in the economic growth engine. From space structure, after using the spatial data analysis method to explore the spatial aggregation of trade in tourism services and the convergence characteristics, the paper concluded that the overall aggregation situation is same as the national economic zones, and also shows a certain "club convergence" signs. From the regional center changes; we will find that the whole development generally experienced three obvious movements:the first is "down south", the second is "eastward march", and the third is "up north". The first " down south" process generally occurs between the period the founding of the People's Republic of China and China's reform and opening-up, the centre moved from the North to the Pearl River Delta area; "Eastward march" process occurs mainly in the late 20th century to the beginning of this century, the tourism service trade development focus gradually from the Pearl River Delta to the Yangtze River Delta region where Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Shanghai as it's representatives, and formed a longer continuous developing zone in the southeast coastal area; "up north" process occurs mainly in recent years, the centre is moving from the Yangtze River Delta coastal zone to the north and the Bohai direction.There are many factors affecting the development of trade in tourism services, traditionally, researchers tend to focus on the demand point of view, and regard all the tourist destinations as a homogeneous space, and consider tourism products no difference. This analysis framework based on modern comparative advantage, considering that the international tourism trade in services same as and goods trade, it requires analysis from a more general framework. Therefore, after integrating the perspectives of the traditional theory of comparative advantage, the modern theory of comparative advantage, competitive advantage theory and the theory of international direct investment, this pater advances a more general theoretical framework analysing factors influencing the development of trade in tourism services, called "Quaternary advantage" theory framework of compromise, and take these factors as a dynamic process of adjustment. Lastly, empirical results also show that factors affecting the static and dynamic changes in occurrence of specific performance.The ultimate goal of the development of trade in tourism services is settled in economic growth. The paper borrows ideas from the trade related theroies and the economics theories, and gives respectively the theoretical frameworks of the overall effects and economic effects of trade in tourism services. Then followed by emphasis on the channels and mechanisms by studying important variable of economic growth effected by trade in tourism services. From the empirical results, we see there lacks of effective links between the trade in tourism services and local economic sectors, and the local can not bring the stimulating effect of trade in tourism services to other parts of the national economy; but the promotion effect economic growth on the tourism service trade is obvious, so the overall performance is of a kind of one-way correlation effects.At last, based on earlier analysis and emprical research, the paper gives relevant countermeasures. In short, from a theoretical and empirical point of view, this research gives a systemic analytical framework on the development system of trade in tourism services in China, and uses multi-disciplinary theory to supplement and complete, it has a fundamental significance in opening up new areas and new research directions for the tourism theory development.