Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Satyrinae (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) From China

This study includes morphology, taxonomy, phylogeny and geographical distribution of Chinese Satyrinae.The geographical distribution and fauna of Chinese Satyrinae are analysed, Chinese Satyrinae consists of species from Palearctic Region, Oriental Region and some species can be found in both of the two regions. Paleartic Region is dominant in species. There are 10 endemic genera in Palearctic Region and 7 in Oriental Region. According to Chinese zoological geographical division, Southwest Area has the largest number of species, but Mongolia-Xinjiang Area has the most endemic species.Based on the principles and methods of cladistics, the phylogeny in 48 genera of Chinese Satyrinae is analysed in this paper. Sixty-four characters are employed to the phylogenetic analyses, using PAUP4.0 beta10 and Treeviewl.6.6. The conclusion revealed that both Satyrini, Elymiini and most of the subtribes in Satyrini are paraphyletic group. According to the results, six tribes of Chinese Satyrinae are recognized, with following phylogeny:(Elymiini, (Zetherini, ((Eritini, Ragadiini), (Melanitiini, Satyrini)))), and the tribes include the taxa as follows:Melanitiini includes Melanitis.Elymniini includes Elymnias.Monophyly of Zetherini is strongly supported, Penthema, Neorina, Callarge and Ethope are included in this tribe, and their phylogenetic relationships are((Penthema, Neorina), (Callarge, Ethope)).Eritini includes Coelites.Ragadiini includes Ragadia and Acropolis.Other 39 genera are included in Satyrini, and 11 subtribes are recognized in this tribe. Their phylogenetic relationships are as follows:((Lethina, (Parargina, Mycalesina)), (Coenonymphina, ((Davidinina, Eritina), (Palaeonymphina, (Maniolina, (Erebiina, (Melanargiina, Satyrina))))))).In taxonomic part,186 species of 48 genera are identified and described, with 148 figures of male and female genitalia, of which,2 species and 2 subspecies are new to science, 4 species and 2 subspecies are synonymized. New species:Lethe tingedensis sp. nov.; Minois choui sp. nov..New subspecies:Minois dryas macropterous ssp. nov.; Lethe proxima baoxingensis ssp. nov..New synonyms:Zipaetis scylax yunnanensiss Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Zipaetis scylax hani Yoshino,1997]Minois undata Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Satyrus ferula (Fabricius,1793)]; Boeberia polyommata Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Satyrus ferula (Fabricius,1793)]; Minois pauper a guangxiensis Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Minois paupera pauper a Alpheraky,1888]; Erebia grand, Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Minois aurata Oberthiir,1909]; Coenonympha tianshanica Chou & Yuan,2001 syn. nov. [=Erebia nikitini Mori & Cho,1938].The type specimens of the new taxa are deposited in Entomological Museum, Northwest A & F University (NWAFU).According to the taxonomic and phylogenetic analyses, keys to tribes, subtribes, genera and species are provided.