Phylogeny Of The Subfamily Coliadinae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) Based On CO Ⅰ And EF-1α Genes From China

In the present thesis, the phylogenetic relationships among genera of subfamily Coliadinae based on COⅠmitochondrial gene and EF-1αnuclear gene were analyzed. Coliadinae was a large subfamily in Pieridae (Lepidoptera). There are 6 genera 38 species are known from China. There are a lot of controversies about phylogeny of Coliadinae, mainly focused on whether Coliadinae was monophyletic group and the relationships between genera, especially it can not be determined that the phylogenetic relationship of Gonepteryx with other genera. The traditional morphological classification system is inconsistent with the new molecular phylogeny, and there are differences between the molecular phylogeny different scholars construct. Therefore, it need further study to select reasonable molecular markers.The fragments of the COⅠof 15 species from 6 genera of the Coliadinae, the EF-1αof 11 species from 6 genera of the Coliadinae, COⅠand NDⅠgenes of 3 species 4 subspecies of Genus Catopsilia and 5 ecotypes of C. pomona pomona from China were amplified and sequenced, and the COⅠhomologous sequences of 1 specie and the EF-1αhomologous sequences of 5 species were obtained from the GenBank. base composition of sequences, ratio of transition and transversion, genetic distance were analyzed. Papilio bianor and Appias lyncida were be used as outgroup respectively, molecular phylogenetic trees of the Coliadinae and Genus Catopsilia were constructed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. The results are as follows:1. The result of sequence variation analyses showed the homologous sequences of COⅠfrom the Coliadinae was 597bp in length, including 408 conservative sites, 189 variable sites and 150 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 69.8%; the EF-1αwas 504bp in length, including 391 conservative sites, 113 variable sites and 76 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 46.3%; the combined sequence was 1101bp in length, including 803 conservative sites, 298 variable sites and 224 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 59%. All these sequences showed a higher rate of transition than that of transversion.2. The result of sequence variation analyses showed the homologous sequences of COⅠfrom Genus Catopsilia was 661 bp in length, including 546 conservative sites, 115 variable sites and 66 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 71.3%; the NDⅠ was 472bp in length, including 381 conservative sites, 112 variable sites and 53 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 81.4%; the combined sequence was 1133bp in length, including 927 conservative sites, 227 variable sites and 119 parsimony-informative sites, and the percentage of A+T was 75.5%. The COⅠ+ NDⅠsequences showed a strong AT bias and a higher rate of transitions than that of transversion.3. The molecular phylogenetic trees based on COⅠ+ EF-1αsequences of the Coliadinae showed the Coliadinae was monophyletic group. The molecular phylogenetic tree with Bayesian inference method was the most reasonable among the three methods. Eurema was the primitive genus of Coliadinae, which diverged from ingroup firstly than other genera. Following the Eurema, Gonepteryx diverged from the ingroup secondly and had closely relationship with Gandaca. Colias and Catopsilia were located in a sister group and had closely relationship, which were the more evolved groups in this subfamily. The cladistic relationships of the 6 genera were as follow: (Eurema + (Gonepteryx + (Dercas + (Gandaca + (Colias + Catopsilia))))). The system status of Gonepteryx was well established.4. The molecular phylogenetic trees based on COⅠ+ NDⅠsequences of the Catopsilia showed that the phylogenetic relationships of 4 subspecies of Catopsilia were: (C. scylla scylla + ((C. pyranthe pyranthe + C. pyranthe chryseis) + C. pomona pomona)), and that of 5 ecotypes of C. pomona pomona were: (f. crocale + ((f. pomona + f. hilaria) + (f. jugurtha +f. catilla))).