The Study Of The Accademia Dei Lincei In Italy In Seventeenth Century

This paper will investigate the Accademia dei Lincei which founded in Italy,researching the development course of the academy, the main contribution, the academic tradition, the complicated relationship between the Jesus and the academy,the influence for the modern science and so on. Choosing this research direction was mainly based on the following two considerations: First, adding a significant subject into the domestic research platform in the academy of sciences; Secondly, in recent years with the discovery of relevant information and quantities of newly discovered about the Accademia dei Lincei, it also provides the necessary condition for us in further analysis and investigation.The contents of paper were mainly covered in the following three clues:1)The development course of Accademia dei Lincei in the early seventeenth century. It is considered the last patron Pozzo died in 1657 point for the end of academy. The period of academy was divided into three stages: the first stage, from1603 to 1610, which Porta’s membership as an important turning point; the second stage, form 1611 to 1630, this stage is considered the most period, not only witnessed the most contributions from Galileo, but also reflects the complex relationship between science and religion in Rome in the seventeenth century; the third stage, from1630 to 1657. In this stage, the Accademia dei Lincei was no longer existed as an organized institution, but engaged in the scientific research activities with a decentralized form, and last finished the collective works on natural history,“Mexican Treasury”.2) The development of scientific tradition the important achievements of the academy in different periods. Related contents could be divided into two stages.Ports’ s natural magic was dominated the early development, Galileo’s modern science was dominated the late development. According to the activities of scientific researches, we could find the institute of scientific researches was often accompanied by astrology, alchemy and other supernatural explanations, and the modern scientifictradition which Galileo advocated provided an important opportunity for the further development of the Accademia dei Lincei.3)Researched the relationship between academy and the Jesus. Actually, the particularity of academy largely attributed to the period of scientific revolution. This paper analyzing the astronomy controversy between the academy and religious groups,especially the controversy between Galileo and Jesuits, and explaining the complex relationship between the academy and the Rome Catholic Church; then, find the reasons for the decline of the academy, at the same time, the academy also reflects the profound changes in social attributes of science in seventeeth century.This paper is divided into eight chapters, each chapter is as follows:Chapter I presented the background and significance of this research,analysis of progress about the academy, the on the base of these, explained the research methods and structure of this paper.Chapter II investigated the historical conditions and background, time span was from the early seventeenth century to the thirteenth century, discussing from the aspects of economic, political, religious and cultural; at the same time, studying the characteristics of the college in Europe in the sixteenth century and seventeenth century, and researching the opportunity which academy was established in Rome.Chapter III elaborated on the development history of the academy, and the originally contemplated by Cesi who wanted to establish the academy, on this basis to discuss the Lynceographum.Chapter IV discussed the important achievements which made in different periods. Mainly from two aspects: astronomy and natural history. In aspect of astronomy, focused on the Cesi and Heckius’ s cosmological views, the controversy of astronomy and finally the academy broke up. In aspect of natural history, focused on the research of animals and plants, and used the microscope for microbial observations. At the same time, the instruments such as telescope and microscope played a supporting role in science research.Chapter V focused on the development of academic tradition. Analyzed the academy and “secret” tradition, and then compared the differences between natural magic and modern science. In this basis, analyzed how the Accademia dei Lincei promoted the development from natural magic to modern science.Chapter VI examined the relationship between the Accademia dei Lincei and the Jesus, discussed personal interest in the impact of knowledge selection, analyzed whySchleck chose the different ways to continuethescience research, and finally joined the Jesuits. Further analysis the controversy between Galileo and Jesus about the new discoveries in astronomy, and in the debate, the academia dei Lincei had given Galileo all the support. At the end of this chapter, compared the communication modes of the scientific knowledge between the academy and the Jesus.Chapter VII considered impact of the Accademia dei Lincei on modern science.This chapter analyzed the academy traditional model’s fault and limitation, and further explained the historical enlightenment of the institute’s mode of communication for the future scientific communication mode; and on this basis to analyze the influence of academy on scientific institutionalization and scientific spirit.Chapter VIII summarized the paper,elaborated the key thought and proposed this article innovation spot, and on this basis, considered the next research plan.In the above study content, searching for the research presented clear development clues, from which we can see the characteristics and evolution process of the Accademia dei Lincei.First, most people are skeptical about the emerging group, mainly reflected the following two respects: One is based on the research methods, contents and purpose;another was the feasibility of the scientific research project of the academy itself.However, the Accademia dei Lincei created the scientific spirit of the freedom to explore the nature science. it is more successful conversion of the individual’s interest in science as a common system of scientific concepts, to laid foundation for the development of science and scientific organization. The Accaedmia dei Lincei is called the first academy of sciences in Europe. The academy’s role at the historic turning point has been recognized by posterity, at the same time, it also makes a major shift in the scientific attitude of Italy and Europe.Secondly, the Accademia dei Lincei promotes the change of means of knowledge transmission and has become an important part of the scientific development in the seventeenth century; at the same time, it also reflects the changes and development of the relationship between social thought and social practice, knowledge and society,knowledge and power in early period of modern Italy. Studying the Lincean Academy is not only a window into the nascent world of scientific societies in the seventeenth century but also an opportunity to consider the Roman model of this kind of endeavour, shaped by a city with a complex political and religious structures, rich intellectual traditions, and a long history of supporting scholarly endeavors in theorbit of the papacy.