| The developments and utilizations of nuclear energy and technology brings hugeeconomic and social benefits to mankind, at the same time, resulting in radioactivewaste such as other waste from human production and living activities. Theproduction and accumulation of an amount of nuclear waste has become a hiddenthreat to human survival and barriers to the development of the nuclear industry. Inorder to ensure the public safety, scientific disposal and storage of these wastes aretimely needed. A lot of basic research on radioactive waste management has beencarried out all over the world, including a variety of geological disposal, but somequsetions are still existed, which are going to be studied and handled.This research is under the support of the China National Outstanding Youth andScience Fund Project (40125103),"863" Project (2012AA063501) as well as theProject from the State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and GeoenviromentProtection (SKLGP2010Z002). The author has selected one low and intermediate levelradioactive waste disposal site in southwest China as research background, and throughthe field work, studied and revealed the security threat of the disposal site. On thisbasis, the research on monitoring and warning model, monitoring and warningtechnology and monitoring and warning system-based on the Internet of Things (IoT)are carried out in this thesis. With some key technologies breaking, the researchachievements are as followings:(1) The security threat of the selected radioactive waste disposal site is revealedthrough the survy and study on the location traffic, basic geology, hydrogeology, andengineering geology. Because of the single stratigraphic, the simple hydrogeology andengineering geology condition in the regional environment of the disposal sites,groundwater will not cause great harm to the disposal site. However, due to thedeveloped surface, ravines, rivers and the abundant and concentrated rainfalls, themonitoring of rainfall and ground water is needed to be strengthened; due to the poorregional engineering geological environment in the disposal sites and the need ofdisposal site construction, through excavating part of mountains, there is the possibility of slope geological disasters. The research on monitoring and warning ofslope disaster is needed to be strengthened.（2）Through the research on the disposal disaster monitoring model, the modelof disposal site slope disaster monitoring, local rainfall and groundwater monitoring aswell as the nuclear waste barrel deformation&fracture monitoring and theenvironmental radiation monitoring are established. The relationship between the keyfactors and the slope stability is presented. The thesis has established a set of disposalsite slope disaster monitoring model including local rainfall, groundwater level,anti-slide pile and soil pressure, slope surface displacement, inclination, deepdisplacement observation, anchor prestressing monitoring. By studying, Three ways ofinfluence factors about the slope stability with rainfall are summarized, and twoaspects that groundwater impacts the nuclear waste disposal site are analyzed. Thethesis has studied and established three models of nuclear waste barrel deformationand fracture monitoring, which are point monitoring model based on resistance strainsense, quasi-distributed monitoring model based on grating fiber sense and the modelof distributed fiber sense. A disposal site environmental radiation point-line-surfacemonitoring network model is established.（3）The thesis has studied and put forward the radioactive waste disposal sitewarning mode, the warning indicators and the warning criterions. Live sound and lightwarning, remote SMS warning, network warning, PDA warning are proposed. Thethesis proposed three types of warning indicators of disposal site, the slope geologicaldisaster warning indicators includes displacement, slope, rainfall, soil temperature andmoisture, groundwater level, soil pressure and anchor prestressing; the environmentradiation monitoring indicators includes environmental gamma, aerosols, groundwateranomaly and rainfall; the nuclear waste barrel fraction warning indicators includesstrain and temperature. Taking the warning criterion of rainfall and deformationdisplacement for an example, the thesis studies the statistical forecasting model basedon the rainfall-time curve and the displacement-time curve.（4）A new method of radioactive waste disposal site monitoring and warningtechnology is studied and established. The thesis put forward an IoT structure aboutdisposal site monitoring and warning, studied the data-sense layer, network bearerlayer and application layer of the IoT architecture. Taking rainfall and displacementsensing events for an example, event-driven disaster monitoring methods has beenbuilt. Taking surface crack displacement sensor nodes for another example, aDynamic Hierarchical Data Acquisition (DHDA) model has been built.（5）Sensor network, transmission network, monitoring and warning platform,energy-saving and power supply technologies are studied and the key components ofthe IoT monitoring and warning system are developed. The research developed thedisplacement sensor node, the inclination angle sensor node, rainfall sensor node,groundwater level sensor node, soil temperature and humidity sensor node, environmental gamma radiation sensor node, GPRS communication module, SMSmodule, ZigBee wireless sensor networks, handheld emergency communicationterminal and the emergency communications network architecture based on BeidouNavigation Satellite System. By studying the hardware destruction, data acquisitionsubsystem, data analysis subsystem, remote consultation subsystem, a nuclear wastedisposal site monitoring and warning platform architecture has been developed. Thethesis has developed CUT-X monitoring data receiving terminal and the systemsoftware, put forward an energy-saving and power supply model under the event-driventheory, completed sensor nodes low power design based on the displacement sensornode, and the solar efficient power supply system based on the MPPT algorithm.The main innovations are as followings:(1) The thesis has conducted the low and intermediate level radioactive wastedisposal site monitoring and warning research in southwest China for the first time inChina, and established a concept model of monitoring and warning in a southwestdisposal site. The result will be a valuable reference to the construction of wastedisposal sites.(2) The thesis has carried out crossover study between the IoT and the nuclearwaste disposal site monitoring and warning, and the IoT architecture on southwestnuclear waste disposal site monitoring and warning is established.(3) An event-driven disaster monitoring methods theoretical model has beenestablished. Based on the event-driven theory, DHDA model and energy-saving is putforward. Also a new type of slope crack displacement remote monitoring and warningsystem has been designed. |
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