Synthesis And Performances Of Porous Carbon Materials And Carbon Nanotube Arrays

According to methods of hybrid carbon forms comprise of（i） diamond, graphite and integer carbon bond hybridization allotrope such as Carbyne complexes（ii） carbon transitional forms, such as（a） amorphous carbon, glassy carbon and a great number of assumptive structures（b） fullerenes, non-integer carbon bond sp_n hybrid structures such as nanotubes.Methods for the preparation of carbon materials are usually direct carbonization, halogen etching method, supercritical erosion method, vapor deposition(physical vapor deposition（PVD） and chemical vapor deposition（CVD）, template methods（soft template and hard template）, catalytic activational carbonization（physical activation and chemical activation）, hydrothermal carbonization method and arc discharge method. Among them, direct carbonation method, as a simple and low-cost preparation method, is the most common method of making carbon materials in practice.According to the different properties of carbon, carbon materials include adsorbents, catalysts and supportants, material reinforcing agents, abrasives, lubricants, conductive materials（conductors, semiconductors, or insulators）, electrode materials. Especially porous carbon and carbon nanotubes in electrical and gas storage applications have attracted more attention.This dissertation involves the preparation of porous carbon and carbon nanotube arrays by direct carbonization and studies into their performances. Chapter two and chapter involve synthesizing Carex meyeriana Kunth based porous carbon materials by direct carbonization and in chapter 4 the preparation nanotube arrays are discussed.In the first chapter, a brief introduction of the history, synthesis, and applications of the development of carbon material is given. In the second chapter and third chapter, microporous carbon materials with narrow pore size distribution is synthesized by direct pyrolysis process under the protection of inert gas with natural Carex meyeriana Kunth as the raw material, and ran through XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, Raman spectroscopy, low-pressure gas adsorption, and electrochemical measurements. The tests reveals that porous carbon has higher electrochemical properties than those of commercial activated carbon(90 Fg^-1) and carbon materials synthesized with other biomass precursor as a contrast test. After 4,000 laps of recycled stability tests, the capacitance value of carbon materials was reduced only by 8 Fg^-1, which implies a great potential of specific capacitance and stability. Methane adsorption at high pressure is at the forefront of currently known gas storage materials（17 wt. %, 35 bar, r. t.）, and according to the Matranga ideal slit model, the ideal size of materials with pore size distribution and methane storage can be a good match, they have a great potential as adsorbents used in ANG（adsorbed natural gas） method for methane storage.In the fourth chapter describes the preparation of carbon nanotube arrays. Firstly, using stainless steel plate as the substrate, high quality, continuous, and transparent, highly c-axis oriented AlPO4-5 molecular sieve membrane is growen using crystal seed method. Then employing molecular sieve membrane as template, by vacuum pyrolysis, single-walled carbon nanotube arrays are synthesized with templates sealed in molecular sieve crystals as carbon source. Nanotubes have a diameter of 0.4 nm, a minimum diameter for carbon nanotube arrays.As a summary of this dissertation, the fifth chapter is about directions for research in the future.