Research On Greenway System Planning In Tianjin

Originated from America and Europe, the concept of greenway has beensuccessfully utilized by many countries like America, UK, France, Japan andSingapore in their practice of city planning. Nowadays, with the development ofglobal urbanization, more urban problems appear, such as ecological environmentdegradation, environment pollution and the aggravation of greenhouse effect. As theproblems become the focus of attention, people begin to realize the importance ofminimizing the side effects of urbanization while enjoying its benefits. It is also anurgent research task for all the decision makers, supervisors and participators in theprocess of city planning. Greenway is a kind of linear green open space, and it isusually designed along the streamside, valleys, ridges and landscapes. In these naturalor artificial corridors, the greenway provides the pedestrians and cyclists with a routefor sightseeing and it combines the major parks, natural reservations, scenery spots,historic sites and residential areas together. In this way, the natural, cultural andhistoric resources will be better protected and there will be more entertainment spacefor urban and rural residents. Under the guideline of low carbon and environmentalfriendly lifestyle, greenway planning and construction have become the new trend inunban planning across the world. In2010, with the implementation of the―OverallPlanning of Greenway Network in Pearl River Delta‖in Guangdong Province, thereappeared a greenway construction boom in the nine cities under administration. Afterthe initiation of Guangdong Province, greenway construction started in China.Since China implemented its reform and opening up policies more than thirtyyears ago, Tianjin have achieved great accomplishments in the areas of social life,economics and urban construction, especially after the strategic development ofBinhai new area. Now Tianjin has become one of the most important economiccenters in North China. At the meantime, the urban image of Tianjin has undergonegreat changes. Municipal roads, urban afforestation and environment protection havebeen improved a lot. Inevitably, Tianjin also encounters certain bottleneck in itsprocess of rapid development. The density of population and industry is too high, theland has been overused, the open space is too limited in urban areas and people’s needof a closer relationship with nature cannot be fulfilled. Therefore, it is urgent toimprove the quality of urbanization. In order to build an ecological city, Tianjin has to perfect its ecological network, maintain its ecological stability, optimize the structureof the green space system and shift to a healthy economic development pattern. For allthe problems mentioned above, this dissertation does a research on greenway systemplanning in Tianjin.Based on the research pattern of proposition, analysis and solution, thisdissertation devotes six chapters to the discussion of greenway system planning inTianjin. Firstly, the research background will be introduced from the following fouraspects–the problems in green space planning, the deficiency of urban open space,the trend of greenway planning and the construction of ecological city in Tianjin. Inaddition, the importance of greenway construction will be described. It isnonnegligible in constructing ecological system, in maintaining local ecologicalstability, in optimizing urban green space structure and in steering the healthydevelopment of economy. This chapter also provides the research method andframework. The second chapter compares the similarities and differences between citygreen space planning and city greenway planning in terms of planning object,planning basis, planning levels, planning contents and construction practice. Then theauthor offers the reason and the theoretical basis for the transition from green spaceplanning to greenway planning. At the same time, the author generalizes thetheoretical and practical experiences of greenway planning home and abroad for thedevelopment of Tianjin greenway construction. Thirdly, the research will involve thestudy of the four cities around Tianjin. Based on the problems concerning the joint ofTianjin green space with that of Beijing, Langfang, Cangzhou and Tangshan, theauthor puts forward the proposition of optimizing green space layout and structure bythe construction of city greenway. Meanwhile, the author divides greenway intodifferent types according to its characteristics and concepts. In this way, greenway inTianjin can be divided into four types: the canal type, the transportation type, the wetland type and the industry type. Taking all the relevant elements into consideration,including ecology, history, rivers, wetland, transportation and urban layout, the authoroffers a quantitative analysis of site suitability of city greenway selection. On thebasis of geological conditions of Tianjin and the green space construction actuality ofthe region, the author carrys out the greenway selection with the adaptation of overlaymethod and with the help of multiple-factor evaluation and Delphi technique. Underthe guidance of greenway selection model, the author puts forward the overallplanning structure of Tianjin greenway, which comprises5main routes,7connecting routes,30branches and3800sq.km green buffer zone. Besides, the author will alsoelaborate on the characteristics, alignment, length and service stuff of the five maincity greenway, which includes intercity greenway, canal greenway, traffic linkagegreenway, coastline greenway and wet land greenway. Fourthly, a design scheme ofthe "external-out ring green belt" has been proposed based on the current out ringgreen belt, with a comprehensive analysis of the developing process of the green beltin Tianjin and the problems in the current situation of establishment and consideringthe changes in the spacial structure of Tianjin city, the land use distribution in thecentral area of the city, the current developing situation in the external areas of thebelt, the planning location of the parks in the outskirt, the magnitude of traffic flow,the traveling coverage of the residents and the relative projects. Meanwhile, with thetheoretical instruction of the out ring entertainment belt as well as the reference to thecurrent land use situation of the external-out ring areas, the collective distribution ofthe external-out ring areas, the section of the rivers and the location of parks in theoutskirt and other resource conditions, the concept of the external-out ring green beltand its planning characteristics have been defined, and a overall planning distributionof the external-out ring green belt has been put forward. Fifthly, from the point of thesuitability of the "city green belt" and the "diversified traveling modes" and with aintegrated analysis of the distribution of the green area of parks in Tianjin and theexisting problems in the diversified traveling modes, a planning strategy of the citygreen belt has been formed which suits the diversified traveling mode. At the sametime, aiming at solving the problems in the short distant traveling and bus transferringof the city residents, a planning mode of the city green road of "the last one kilometer"has been brought about to meet the residents’ traveling need and ease the travelingcontradicts in the last one kilometer. At last, the author has put forward the relativeplanning suggestions in perspective of the combination of the systematic planning ofthe city green areas with the establishment of the green roads and the overall planningof the green road web in the around Bo Hai Sea district, in order to complete theresearch of the systematic planning of the green roads in Tianjin.