Research Of Key Technologies Of Wide Dynamic Range And High Precision Laser Distance Measurement

Spaceborne laser rangefinder is characteristic of the direction, higher spatial resolution, can beused to determine the distance between the object to be measured. Application of the deepspace laser detection technology, mainly concentrated in space terrain autonomous landingnavigation of autonomous rendezvous and docking, and space debris detection field. Developmentof laser high dynamic range, high precision, light weight detection technology, to further promotethe spaceborne laser platform on the load detection toward miniaturization, low powerconsumption, high sensitivity and high precision, will be the trend of international space laserdetection technology development in the future.There are various factors affecting the accuracy of pulse laser range finder. The main source oferror is the received power drift error, and the echo power dynamic range is the root cause ofthis error, so achieveing high-precision distance measurement in a wide dynamic range is thesubject of research. This paper focuses on how to achieve wide dynamic range measurement basedon laser range finder miniaturization, lightweight, application of target rangingprecision and dynamic range are higher, laser ranging technology for wide dynamic range, highprecision is studied in detail, and proposes a design scheme. The influence factors of the pulselaser ranging error and distance measurement dynamic range is analyzed in this paper, andthe low noise echo amplification technology, correlation analog signaldetection technology, constant fraction discrimination technology, high precision time intervalmeasurement technology and closed-loop feedback automatic gain control technology arestudied. Finally, the measurement experiments of precision and the dynamic range based on APD(Avalanche Photo Diode) detector are designed, and the experimental results were quantitativelyanalyzed.The main results and innovations are listed below:(1) Establish the relationship model between the bias-voltage and the multiplication factor ofsilicon avalanche photo diode, the low noise amplifier circuit and analog signalautocorrelation based technology to achieve a the distance measurement of20m~4km and1.3×105dynamic range of single APD channel.(2) Through constant fraction discrimination technology, high precision time intervalmeasurement technology and closed-loop feedback automatic gain controltechnology, realizes the distance measurement accuracy better than0.3m within the fulldynamic range.