| An effective way of easing water shortages and mitigating flood is to safely utilize the flood resources. With only2200m3of water resource of per capita, China is one of the thirteen least water resource holding countries. Besides, the unbalanced spatial and temporal distribution of water resource made the shortage even worse. Hence, it is a must to develop a theory and method of safe utilization of flood resource of river basin. Joint scheduling of reservoirs of river basins makes a great difference in realizing sustainable utilization of water resources and safely utilizing flood resource as well. Aiming at taking full advantage of water resource of river basin and the safety of flood control system, this paper conducts a research in depth on optimized joint scheduling model and solution of the Three Gorges and its upstream reservoirs. With the assistance of the system science, hydrology and water resources theory introduced, we come up with certain results that can be used for reference by river basin management units. This research has made some achievements of both theoretical significance and engineering practical value. The main innovation and contribution in this thesis are as follows:(1) We present a multi-objective cultural self-adaptive electromagnetism-like Mechanism (MOCSEM), a flexible and effective global optimization algorithm, to solve complicated nonlinear multi-objective optimization problems. MOCSEM is an improvement on the Cultural algorithm (CA) and Electromagnetism-like Mechanism (EM) algorithm, consisting of population space and belief space. In this algorithm, population space is evoluted by imitating the electromagnetism principle. While the belief space is constructed coserding the characteristics of reservoirs joint optimization scheduling. In addition, the update method based on individual density for belief space in cultural evolution framework is adopted to keep a splendid diversity and uniformity of POS. The MOCSEM is tested by several benchmark test problems and compared with some previous research. The results indicate that MOCSEM is able to solve complex multi-objective optimization problem efficiently and has excellent optimization performance.(2) To obtain high-precision runoff forecast, a multi-objective parameter optimized calibration method considering the different runoff characteristics of hydrologic system is presented. According to the results of the calibration, we propose a simple self-identifying parameter combination forecast model (SPCFM). After that, SPCFM is tested with typical humid regions. The results show that SPCFM can provide more accurate runoff forecast for hydrological forecast homework.(3) Reservoir flood control operation is an important topic in river basin management and safety control. In order to realize the optimal operation and management of reservoirs in mainstream and branch, this paper presents a generalized multi-objective flood control model (GMOFCM) for joint optimal dispatching of cascade reservoirs, which balances flood control safety of the dam, upstream and downstream protection areas. GMOFCM has been applied to Cascade Reservoirs in lower reaches of Jinsha River and Three Gorges Reservoir in Yangtze River (JFCR-TGR). The results of case studies demonstrate that GMOFCM is practical and efficient for accomplishing multi-purpose multi-reservoir flood control under various scheduling situations.(4) Competitive impoundment problem of cascade reservoirs is becoming a more serious problem in the flood recession with more lager reservoirs being built. Combining the impounding principle with K value discriminant method, a novel grading and staging impounding strategy of cascade reservoirs is proposed to determine the impoundment sequence and opportunity of each reservoir in premise of the safety of flood control. On this basis, an impoundment dispatching model is developed to maximize the full storage degree of cascades reservoirs at the end of flood recession. Then, the model is applied in the Three Gorges and its upstream reservoirs by using CSEM. Compared with the original design impounding scheme, the result indicates that the optimal scheme can improve the fill storage ratio of cascade reservoirs and ease the contradiction between supply and demand of water resources guaranteeing the safety of flood control in the watershed.(5) On the basis of the research above, we propose a joint optimal water dispatching model for the giant reservoirs in the Yangtze River to minimize the deficiency of basin water supply considering both the flood control and impoundment task of cascades reservoirs. A joint scheduling scheme for cascade reservoirs is presented for the water resources allocation of river basin. After that, two levels years, the present2010and the predicting2020, are selected to research basin water resources allocation under the long series of data of river basin. Results show that the joint optimization scheduling solution can reduce total water supply shortfall, increase the fills rate of Three Gorges reservoir and provide technical support for realizing the inter-basin water resources optimal allocation in the mean time. |
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