Study On Heating Pattern Of Rural Residences In Northwest China

Northwest region located in northwest interior of China. The winter here is verycold and it has a long duration. Under harsh climatic conditions, thermal insulation andheating of local buildings is an important issue. Over years, villagers selected heatingmethods according to their own economic conditions and local life habits. Stove,firewall, Chinese-kang and other heating methods still exist and are being used.However, rural residences has various shortage, like poor thermal performance ofbuilding envelope, poor sealing performance, unreasonable layout of space, and so on.Traditional heating methods also have deficient, such as low heating efficiency and poorsmoke exhaust. Poor thermal performance and sealing performance of buildingenvelope also caused a huge waste of heating energy consumption. On the other hand,with continuous improvement of living standard, there is a trend that usage ofnon-commodity energy will be gradually replaced by usage of fossil energy.How to improve indoor thermal environment of rural residences in NorthwestChina in winter at the same time to respond to local growing demand for fossil fuels?This dissertation takes studies on heating pattern of rural residences in Northwest China.Thermal insulation properties of rural residences were improved by optimizing layout ofbuilding space and construction design of building envelope. Passive solar houses,Chinese-kang and other heating facilities were optimized. There are abundant solarenergy resources in Northwest China and there is huge biomass reserve in rural region,so all of these advantages should be full used in order to improve thermal environmentof rural residences in winter. Heating methods of rural residences were optimized, then suitable heating pattern for various area were proposed.There are four research methods in the dissertation, which aimed to study heatingproblem of rural residences in Northwest region, including site investigation, theoreticalderivation, thermal environment test and software simulation. The main conclusions ofthe dissertation were shown as follow:(1) Heating index and heating design principles of rural residences in Northwestregion were founded. Qualitative method and quantitative method were both used, andNorthwest was divided up according to heating climate design of rural residences forthe first time.(2) Various design parameters, which affected to energy consumption of ruralresidences, were fully and quantitatively explored. Architectural design parameters andinsulation construction of envelope structure, which were suitable in any area ofNorthwest region，were proposed.(3) Heating applicability and optimization principles of rural residences inNorthwest region were founded. Direct solar house was optimized, and recommendedvalues of key design parameters for additional solar house were proposed. The mostappropriate kang, which is suitable for rural residences in Northwest region, wasdetermined. Thermal radiation box, which was connected to cooking stoves, can heatliving room, and this operating mechanism was determined.(4) Suitable heating mode parameter of rural residences in Northwest region wasfounded. Typical examples of rural residences in Northwest region were designedaccording to various climatic conditions, resource conditions and living habits ofvillagers. Model of the typical examples were set up in software Design Builder, and itwas calculated.The research will improve indoor thermal environment of rural residences inNorthwest region in winter. It is conducive to energy saving of rural residences, and it ishelpful to building applications of renewable energy. It contributed to increase the localenergy supply, optimization energy structure and promotion energy complementary.