Study On Passive Environmental Control Strategies And Technology Integration Application

Passive environmental control strategy is an essential solution to reduce building energy consumption in energy-efficient building design. Its basic concept is using building climate design technologies appropriately to utilize the local climate potential. Current domestic and overseas researches are mainly focused on building components, materials and control technologies,etc. Meanwhile, the following problems, such as the imperfection of environmental control technical performance, the lack of technology integration application thermal characteristics research results, unable quickly predicting the impact of passive environmental control design on building thermal environment quantitatively are existed, which restrict the application of passive environment control buildings. In conclusion, the research of environmental control technical and technology integration application may provide theoretical basis to passive environment control buildings.In this paper, taking study of climate adaptation regulation strategies, solar wall with color changed and building integration application in cold area as the core, based on the effect of solar wall with color changed, theoretical and technical issues of building thermal response characteristics, thermal performance improvement and free running temperature prediction methods are discussed by experimental and theoretical studies, the main results obtained are as follows.Firstly, balance point temperature is introduced as the parameter, and the optimal southing window-wall ratio range in building which coupled with solar air collectors and the utilization potential of solar energy in different climate zones for passive solar heating houses are given. Coupled with solar air collector is preferred to direct-gain passive solar house, and49.3%higher solar energy utilization ratio is proved in typical winter climate of Dalian. Meanwhile, to prevent overheating problem in summer,0.2-0.35are recommended for the southing window-wall ratio in building coupled with solar air collectors in Dalian while^0.45in JGJ26-2010.Secondly, the passive environmental control building model integrated solar wall with color changed and automatic control component, such as PV fan and thermostat throttle, was proposed, which solved problems of summer overheating and inconvenient of manual control during operation. Using this model as the prototype, a full-scale experiment house was built in Dalian, and dynamic automatic test system was constructed. Taking two years experiments, danamic thermal performance results of solar wall with color changed and thermal response characteristics of building integration system were obtained. Results showed that, when use extruded board insulation material and PV fan installed inlet with continuous operation, thermal efficiency was56.8%. Indoor air temperature was fluctuated between10℃～17℃by passive heating in winter, and that was24.8-26.6℃by changing the absorber plate color and opening outlet in summer.Thirdly, dynamic heat transfer process computational model of building with solar wall was established based on dynamic thermal network coupling response factor methods, which considered temperature partition distribution and dynamic heat transfer process of composite wall integrated solar wall with color changed. This model considered dynamic thermal response processes such as heat convection transfer between the air layer and indoor air, and the thermal discharge process of thermal mass. The accuracy of the model was verified with less than10%error between the calculated and experimental results.Fourth, based on the heat transfer model proposed, general expression of south wall insulation optimal thickness was obtained by parsing, which considered the thermal resistance variation of the wall integrated environmental control components, and optimizing values of design parameters, such as thermal time constant and thermal parameters of interior walls were proposed. By analyzing the analytical expression, influencing factors of external insulation optimum thickness are mainly heating/air conditioning degree days, PWF, materials price and thermal conductivity, etc. For the convenience of engineering applications, relational formula of optimal insulation thickness and thermal conductivity was proposed. Meanwhile, the amplitude ratio on the outdoor to indoor temperature and the wall temperature used as evaluation parameters, the optimization values of thermal conductivity, specific heat capacity and thickness of interior wall were obtained.Finally, aiming at the problems of indoor thermal environment of passive environmental control building difficultly predicted quickly and no value basis of auxiliary equipment system design parameters, the free running temperature formula of passive environmental control building under different climatic region and design conditions was proposed based on experimental and the similarity criteria. The heat supplied by solar air collector transformed to internal heat gain with solar irradiance variations. Dynamic indoor air temperature fluctuated with dynamic outdoor temperature changes can be calculated according to the prediction formula, which can provide theoretical support for quantitative effect of passive design control and auxiliary equipment matching system.Based on the climatic adaptability analysis, technical improvement, building integrated application and indoor thermal environment prediction method proposed, the independent and complete passive environmental control methods is formed, which provide a quantitative evaluation parameters and design basis for the integrated application of passive environmental control technology,and establish theoretical foundation for passive environmental control building application and building design standards setting.