Decision-making Models And Methods For Large-scale Wind Power Integration Consumption In Low-carbon Economy

In recent years, environmental pollution and climate changes have drawn public’s interest worldwide. To curb environmental pollution, create a low-carbon society and promote the harmonious development between human and nature is not only a global consensus, but also an internal requirement for achieving the sustainable development in China. Furthermore, low-carbon development has been proposed as a national strategy in People’s Congress this year. Low-carbon energy consumption will bring significant benefits to China’s economy, society and environment, and help avoid energy crisis.Wind energy is the kinetic energy generated by the mass flow of the earth’s surface air, and can be directly transformed into electricity. Wind power generation is renewable and pollution-free, making it the best option for replacing traditional fossil fuel. Currently, wind power generation has developed a mature operation mode in lots of countries, including Denmark and America, and is able to compete with traditional energy in the electricity market without subsidies. China has rich wind energy resource. In places rich in wind energy, including northeast and northwest regions, effective wind power density of wind turbines may reach 200-300w/m2, some are even up to 500w/m2. As coal accounts for a large part in China’s primary energy sources, to develop wind power is an approach to solve the energy and environment crisis in the context of resource depletion. Until the end of February in 2015, integrated installed capacity of wind power exceeds 100 million kW for the first time, reaching 100,040 MW, remaining the third largest power type in China and the first wind installed capacity in the world.However, there exist some worrying problems behind the background of large installed capacity. Since 2011, wind curtailment occurred in China’s wind power utilization. Statistics show that China’s average utilization hour of wind power is only 1884,160 hours than that of 2013. Worse still, wind power utilization hours in certain provinces are even fewer than the break-even point between 1900 and 2000, which will not only cause serious wastes of resources, but also bring about huge financial loss to enterprises. Therefore, it’s of vital significance to research on decision model and method of large-scale wind power integration and accommodation.This paper firstly analyzes the causes of wind curtailment. Then, it conducts a comprehensive research on the large-scale wind power integration and consumption from the aspects of cost, investment planning and schedule for building a decision model and approach. Lastly, it provides an insurance system for the model. Specifically, this paper includes the following parts:Firstly, a bottleneck analysis of the large-scale wind power integration and consumption under the background of low-carbon economy. To analyze the bottleneck of wind power consumption is the first step to solve the problem of wind curtailment This part starts from the research on the challenges that large-scale wind power integration and consumption faces under the low-carbon background, including pricing policy of wind power integration, coordinated planning between wind power, and conventional power sources, and environmentally-constrained economic dispatch. Then, determine the main four research orientations under the low-carbon background based on the bottleneck analysis:coordinated planning between power and grid, decision-making method for power system dispatching, powering enterprises operational strategy and sustainable operating mechanism of power system.Secondly, research on the additional cost model and method of wind power integration under the background of low-carbon economy. The large-scale development of wind power depends on the economy of wind power to a great extent. Hence, to analyze the additional integration cost of wind power and its influencing factors is beneficial to the orderly development of wind power industry. This part aims at the power system with wind power, and studies the effects on the power system costs after the wind power integration. With the total system cost minimized as the objective, it develops a deterministic model for wind power additional cost considering the constrains of resource reserve, balance of electricity and energy, reserve capacity and hydro-power dispatching. Then, it introduces scenario trees to demonstrate the uniqueness of wind power, and establishes a stochastic model.Thirdly, perform a study of decision-making model and method for the coordination expansion planning of wind power, multiple power sources and transmission grid in the context of low-carbon development. Due to the intermittent and volatile characteristics of wind power, the integration of wind power proposes a new request for the power planning. Wind turbines can neither be simply viewed as load, nor be formulated with traditional power planning models. As a result, it’s advisable to adopt a power planning model and algorithm suitable for the features of wind powers. This chapter will focus on the coordinated planning between wind power and conventional power sources in the context of low-carbon economy, which is based on the summary of the common modes and methods of power and network planning. In consideration of other renewable sources and energy storage, this part then studies the coordination planning of wind power and transmission network.Fourthly, it develops a decision-making model and method for environmentally-friendly economic dispatch of large-scale wind power integration in the low-carbon context. After the in-depth analysis of environmentally-friendly economic dispatch modes of large-scale wind power integration, this part first demonstrates the importance of environmental scheduling. Second, it conducts a research on the energy-saving dispatch models and traditional economic scheduling, and then introduces a environmental and economic dispatching model for large-scale wind power integration under the low-carbon background considering the restrictions of emission costs of units. Finally, it solves the proposed model with the help of multi-objective particle swarm optimization, and makes a comparison with traditional solutions in accuracy and time.Fifthly, study on the insurance system for large-scale wind power integration and consumption. An analysis of the causes of wind curtailment is necessary to promote the large-scale wind consumption, so this part will design an index system of the qualitative and quantitative influencing factors. To validate the reasonableness of the proposed index system, this paper makes a comparison between the actual situations of wind power integration and consumption in different regions of China and the evaluation results. Ultimately, the paper proposes a system for the solution of large-scale wind curtailment, trying to give some insight for decision makers.