High-rise Building Fire Risk Evaluation And Intelligent Alarm System Research

High-rise buildings are the inevitable product of the city development, but their fire safety issues are always a difficult problem in the world. Throughout the present high-rise building fire safety research, the fire risk evaluation and the fire timely control technology are not effectively combined, which does not meet the current risk process control ideal.The study aims to design a scientific fire risk comprehensive evaluation system and a new wireless composite fire auto-alarm system, to achieve the process management of high-rise building fire.Aimed at the uncertainty of high-rise civil buildings fire as well as the limitations of traditional evaluation methods, the study introduces the unascertained theory, to make unascertained evaluation modeling for the high-rise building fire risk, on this basis, an unascertained and comprehensive evaluation system of high-rise building fire risk evaluation is designed and developed, and three major problems of the system implementation are solved. Firstly, according to the characteristics of high-rise civil buildings, through the three types of hazards identification affecting the high-rise civil building fire, combined with the China building fire protection design norm, by using the typical event analysis method, 37 main uncertainty factors affecting high-rise civil building fire are obtained, and then the fire risk evaluation tree theory for high-rise civil buildings is put forward, to solve the problem of evaluation object’s feature space scientific establishment. Then by using the Matlab and VB technology, a comprehensive fire risk evaluation system is developed for the high-rise buildings based on the unascertained C-clustering and the fire risk evaluation tree, to solve the technology and operation problem of system implemention. At the same time, the introduction of BIM technology combined with expert scoring method, to solve the problem of evaluation object’s data information effectively obtaining. At last, take eight actual high-rise civil buildings’ fire statistic data as example to apply empirical analysis. The results show that, through the unascertained evaluation membership degree, the uncertainty of high-rise building fire problem can beconverted to relative certainty problem. For example, the unascertained membership degree of a high-rise building fire risk evaluation results is(0.3406, 0.3406, 0.1598, 0.3406),although we don’t know which situation will happen, but at least we can know the occurrence possibility of each situation. To clarify the key objects of fire prevention and control, reduce the blindness, and achieve the disaster prevention before the high-rise building fire occurrence.Based on the evaluation result, for the key object of fire prevention and control, in order to minimize the fire damage and losses of the high-rise buildings once fire, and timely control the fire, in view of the importance of the fire auto-alarm technology in high-rise civil building fire control, the study further design and develop a new smoke-temperature composite fire alarm system based on the latest wireless technology for the high-rise civil buildings, to complete the alarm system’s hardware design. In the system software design,the forward error correction coding technique is introduced, to solve the problem of the system signal transmission reliability. And for the high false alarm rate problem of the traditional fire alarm algorithms, to improve the alarm accuracy, the study makes further research on the intelligent fire alarm algorithms, sets up a new fire alarm model based on the support vector regression(SVR) algorithm, and makes empirical analysis. Finally, a fire experiment platform is built to test and experiment the new fire alarm system. The results show that using the new fire auto-alarm system designed and developed in this study, in the experiment, the alarm time can advance about 5 seconds compare with the traditional algorithms, and the false alarm rate can be reduced to less than 2%. To achieve the fire monitoring real time, the fire alarm accuracy, and to some extent, the fire disaster control timeliness for high-rise building in case of the fire.In the study, the design and development of the unascertained comprehensive evaluation system and the new wireless and composite fire alarm system based on the SVR alarm algorithm, achieves the process control rather than some point control for high-rise building fire. The research results provides an important scientific basis and technicalapproach for the prevention and control of high-rise building fire disasters, also provides a reliable decision support system for the high-rise building fire risk management.