Study On The Risk Forming Mechanism And Behavior Characteristic Of Large Passenger Flow Transportation In Subway Station

As the increasing of passenger flow volume in subway station,the instantaneous passenger flow may overload during rush hour, a large number of passengers gather in platform,hall and channel of subway station,which easily leads to the risk of large passenger flow transportation,occur of stampede accident and threatens the safe operation of subway. Whether the risk of large passenger flow transportation in subway station exists or not is closely related with the traffic capacity in node of channel, passenger flow volume, transfer modes, transport behavior of passenger and running organization.Based on typical subway station in Beijing,Shenzhen and Guangzhou, methods of theoretical analysis, questionnaire survey, field measurement, numerical simulation are applied to analyze the forming mechanism of large passenger flow and behavior characteristics of passenger flow for the purpose of improving the safty of large passenger flow transportation,which applied to the numerical simulation process in single station, transfer channel and transfer station. Suggestions and measurements to eliminate the risk of large passenger flow transportation in subway station are proposed.This study analyzed typical accident cases of metro in recent years and found fire hazard, toxic gas leakage, explosion, terrorist attack, excessive crowd, natural disaster, collapse and chance factors are the main reason to cause risk of large passenger flow transportation and platform, stairs, escalator, station hall, ticket gate and gallery are the key nodes influcing transport capacity of subway station. Time and direction regularity of large passenger flow distribution is acquired according to the analysis of current situation of metro in Beijing and Chengdu. Combination of persistent large passenger flow, ability shortage of going through the node, beared systematic mutation of passenger flow, tumble and stampede are found to be the risk formation mechanism of large passenger flow.Age of passenger, level of education, profession and frequency of utilization are proposed to be signally relevant factors through analyzing 530 transport behavior questionnaires. Through field measurement of transport behavior of typical station in Beijing,travel speed of different crowds in platform, escalator, ticket gate,gallery and transportation bottleneck are acquired to support the numerical simulation of large passenger flow transportation.In this study,BuildingExodus and Legion are applied to simulate the one-way transportation under emergency,bidirectional transportation in transfer channel and multidirectional transportation in transfer station,blocking formation and development characteristics of large passenger flow under different condition are analyzed and improvement program focus on high-risk location of crowded stampede are proposed.In addition, simulation system of large passenger flow process in subway station under emergency is developed through virtual reality technology of Web and virtual reality modeling language of Python,which provides technical support for the exercise of large passenger flow transport plan and demonstrating the design of evacuation routes.