| Human error is the most important factors that could threaten aviation safety. According to the statistics, over 70% flight accidents were because of human error. Furthermore, over half of them was caused by flight crew errors. Therefore, the most efficient method to improve aviation safety is to reduce the possibility that flight crew errors occur. In order to remove flight crew errors, it is necessary to study how pilots interact with aircraft and systems, what the interaction mechanism is and how to evaluate the behavior of pilot-aircraft interaction. This study focused on human machine interaction mechanism and evaluation measurement in commercial aircraft flight deck.Firstly, this study developed a data collection system of human machine interaction in flight deck. The data collection system included physiological and psychological parameters measurement subsystem, behavior monitoring subsystem and flight data collection subsystem. The data collection system could effiecently monitor the interaction behavior between operator and aircraft systems and collect experiment data for further processing.Secondly, this study described the experiment approach of human machine interaction in flight deck based on the data collection system. A basic human machine interaction task, flight crew response on alarm signal, was used as a case study. The experiment results not only represented that both the flight experience and flight responsibility had influences on pilots’ responses, but also indicated the effectiveness of the data collection system and the experiment approach of human machine interaction. The study of flight crew response on alarm signal was a case study of human machine interaction experiment approach. The experiment approach was used for data collection, analysis and evaluation in further study.Thirdly, due to human machine interaction process was based on task, carefully analyzing the task itself, especially the task complexity, could understand the human machine interaction process from a theoretical perspective. Meanwhile, in order to quantitatively evaluate the expected human machine interaction behavior, a method named Task Complexity in Flight(TCIF) was developed. TCIF consisted of 4 complexity components: Action Size Complexity, Action Size Complexity, Information Control Exchange Complexity and Control Mode Complexity. These four complexity components were closed related to the behavior of human machine interaction, especially the latter two. Information Control Exchange Complexity contained two aspects: the process of information control exchange and the occupation condition of information resource channels. To verify the TCIF method, 10 pilots were selected to participate in 11 flight tasks experiment. During the experiment, the heart rate and the Bedford scale results of the subjects were recorded. The experimental results indicated that the TCIF method was correlated with the difference of heart rate and the Bedford scale.Last but not least, a measurement named Human Machine Interactive Momentum(HMIM) was developed to decribed the complex system composing by pilot, aircraft and automatic system, and decompose the human machine interaction process. Furthermore, the measurement could be used for characters description and relative factors analysis. The principle and realization process of the HMIM measurement were described comprehensively in this study. To verify it, the relations between HMIM with flight performance, NASA-TLX method was discussed at first. Then, the results in the TCIF study was used to analyze the relations between HMIM with the TCIF methods, the difference of heart rate and the Bedford scale among the 11 flight tasks. The results indicated that the HMIM measurement could represent the human machine interaction process in flight deck efficiently.In general, these findings could lay the theoretical foundations for studying the mechanism and evaluation methods of human machine interaction in the commercial flight deck. |
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