| Pedestrian traffic with no energy or emission is the greenest low carbon traveling mode. It is an essential arriving mode connecting with other traveling modes. Developing pedestrian traffic is the objective requirement and the only way for building low carbon cities. Building a humanist pedestrian traffic environment and ensureing pedestrians’ reasonable rights and important status were the key of guaranteeing the steady development of pedestrian traffic systemand increasing the proportion of urban pedestrian travel mode. Evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks which meets pedestrian demand could provide an important basis for the scientific and humanist design for sidewalks.Pedestrian level of service on sidewalks is the result of comprehensive action of multi factors such as pedestrian traffic state, pedestrian traffic facilities and walking environment. The existing research mostly dividing pedestrian level of service on sidewalks according to pedesreian traffic flow characteristics based on vehicle flow theory. This method was far from pedestrians’ actual perception. Although some of the research added pedestrians’ satisfaction scores, the method that pedestrian traffic flow characteristics combined with pedestrians’ subjective satisfaction scores showed inexperienced to complicated evaluation on pedestrian level of service on sidewalks. Thus, based on the different social psychology and social behavior caused by different walking facilities and environmental factors, it is necessary to establish a comprehensive, scientific and reasonable evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on urban sidewalks with multi factors.In this paper, based on large sample survey data, from the perspective of pedestrians’ walking demand, this study develop the research on the extraction and combination of multi factors of traffic flow characteristics, walking facilities and environmental conditions influencing pedestrians’ satisfaction. A scientific and reasonable evaluation system for pedestrian level of service on urban sidewalks was established.Firstly, from the perspective of pedestrians’ basic demand for sidewalks, this paper obtained that the most direct factor influenced pedestrians’ walking satisfaction was the congestion degree of sidewalks. Dividing pedestrian level of service under different pedestrian flow rate was the basis of evaluating pedesreian level of service on sidewalks with multi factors. Pedestrian trajectory data under different pedesreian flow rate were captured through video recording and trajectory tracking technology. Then, this paper analyzed the relative lateral displacement and speed changing characteristics when bypassing, avoiding and following behavior happened. According to pedestrians’ actural walking perception, the existing threshold standard of pedestrian flow rate in dividing pedestrian level of service on sidewalks was refined. And the standard of the basic pedestrian level of service on sidewalks was proposed based on pedestrian microscopic behavior characteristics.Secondly, pedestrian’s eye movement watching range under different pedestrian flow rate was captured through pedestrian eye movement experiment. Then, pedestrian’s psychological perception domain was ensured and the factors’ changing range of influencing pedestrians’ satisfaction was obtained objectively. Meanwhile, pedestrian’s average pupil diameter and average heart rate under different sidewalks were captured through eye movement equipment and ECG. Through the comparison between psysiological index and satisfaction questionnaire result, the data of pedestrians’ satisfaction questionnaire was examined subjectively. Then, the more actural, more objective and more corresponding to pedestrian’s psychological demand data basis of evaluation on pedestrian level of service was obtained.Thirdly, this paper used reliability test to examine and select the reliability of the basic pedestrians’ satisfaction questionnaires scale designing and the survey methods. Finally, the 10 grades scale questionnaire which was the most suitable to Chinese habit on rating was selected to develop the large sample pedestrian intercept survey. 7300 valid questionnaire were obtained. The survey sites contained 132 sidewalks in different areas, different road levels in Beijing urban road. This part of the research provided an enough sample data for the evaluation on pedestrian level of service on sidewalks.Forthly, through the analysis on the factors of pedestrian traffic flow state, walking facilities and walking environmental conditions which influenced pedestrian walking perception, the hierarchical structure of the influencing factors on sidewalks was divided. Gastalt theory and image edge detection was combined to quantizing the complicated walking environmental factors. According to the valculating result of Spearman rank correlation analysis, the significant influencing factors on pedestrians’ satisfaction under each perception domain were extracted. Then the evaluation index for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks under different pedestrian perception domain was established.Finally, pedestrians’ satisfaction scores threshold corresponding to different pedestrian level of service on sidewalks was obtained through fuzzy clustering method. Through the identification of the leader function between pedestrian flow rates and environmental conditions of sidewalks, and according to the differences of the influencing factors on pedestrians’ satisfaction under different pedestrian flow rates, the evaluation model series for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks were established based on the dividing of pedestrian flow rates. Aiming at the characteristics that pedestrian level of service and its influencing factors contained multi types of variables, the model data of each pedestrian flow rate level was trained with fuzzy neural network. Then the evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on ueban sidewalks with multi factors was proposed.In this study, with the beginning of pedestrian psychology demand, through the measurement and analysis on pedestrian psychological perception and physiological index, combined with the quantification and extraction of the influencing factors which were road facilities on sidewalks, traffic conditions and environmental conditions of pedestrian level of service on sidewalks, the evaluation method for pedestrian level of service on sidewalks with multi factors based on the dividing of pedestrian flow rates was proposed. The whole study not only provided a theory basis for the planning, designing and evaluation of sidewalks, but also provided a technological support for the building and improvement of sidewalks. |
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