Research On The Developments Of Chinese Vegetable Science And Technology In20th Century

With the worldwide agricultural science and technology development, the basic principles of some disciplines, such as phytogenetics, phytophysiology, edaphology, agrochemistry, etc,was illustrated and implemented gradually in modern history. Experimental science replaced experience science step by step and became the main stream of science and technology development. As a result, Agricultural science and technology initiated a new phase. Chinese modern vegetable science and technology was born upon above historic background and moved ahead slowly.During hundred years in20th century, the scientific system of Chinese vegetable science and technology was started up at the end of Qing dynasty, planted and localized in the Republic of China era, and developed quickly after the People’s Republic of China founded. The first technology revolution majoring in breeding and agricultural chemistry and the second agricultural science revolution leaded by biologic and information technology make a great progress on Chinese vegetable science and technology, and a lot of innovative achievements are obtained. These research results are transformed into production, which extremely improve the ability of mass production and delivery of vegetables. The vegetable technology level in china has reached the worldwide average level and has exceeded the level in some areas until the end the20th century.The paper has five chapters except the preface and conclusion. At the beginning, the paper reviews the developing history of the vegetable horticulture in20th century China, and divides the historic process into five stages--initialization (from the end of Qing dynasty to1911), newly established (1911-1949), prosperous development (1949-1966), complicated development (1966-1978) and quick development (1978-2000). Secondly, the paper illustrates how to educate the vegetable technology specialists, how to establish and develop the research expanding system and how to spread vegetable science and technology. Thirdly, the paper summarizes the main achievements in the research of vegetable seeds quality, genetic breeding, scientific progress in planting, protection, postharvest technology vegetable plant’s seed quality, genetic breeding, scientific progress in planting, protection, postharvest technology and analyzes main four factors effecting our country’s vegetable scientific progress--The impulse from related subjects; the effects from national agricultural policies, principles and institutions co-operation; the interactions from the societal requirements and the pressure from the nature resources and environments. Finally, this paper briefly summarizes the history of Chinese vegetable science and makes prospects of the development of vegetable science and technology in21st century.We believe that Chinese vegetable science and technology has completed the historic transformation from traditional experience science to modern experimental science in20th century. The foundation and development of Chinese vegetable education, research and expanding system were affected by different countries, i.e. Japan in1880s, USA and west Europe between1920s and1940s and Russia in1950s. After1970year, our own vegetable education, research and expanding system has been formed. In the process of Chinese vegetable science and technology development, related subjects development, national policies and increasing investments, the further improvement in research institutions and associations, widely research co-operation and increasing societal requirements contribute together to the big progress of Chinese vegetable science and technology development. The pressure of resources and environments decides the direction of Chinese vegetable science and technology development in the late1980s and21st century.