On The History Of Chinese Animal Nutrition Science In 20^th Century

Agriculture is the foundation of national economy, and the stockbreeding is an important part of agriculture. The development status of stockbreeding relates not only to national or regional economy but also to people’s daily life. There are ancient words that livestock is substance for stockbreeding and feedstuff is lifeblood of livestock. The role so important of feedstuffs to livestock just as that of food to man. Transferences of nutrient material in food chain "soil-plant-animal-mankind" is basic and final purpose of agricultural production. A prominent characteristic of modern agriculure is tranceferring quickly and efficiently of nutritive in food chain. Animal nutrition is just a discipline on relationship of diet intake and animal life activities. So animal nutrition is not only the theory basic of animal production but also an important part of biological science and resources-environment science, and will has broad prospects. It will be of great benefit for the development in future to review and summarize the developing history of a century of Chinese animal nutrition science.In China,domesticating wild animal is ten thousand years. Diligent and sapiential Chinese accumulated many experiences of feeding animals in so long time. Many information about this was recorded in ancient agricultural books. Those experiences could not be called animal nutrition because those based on daily practising not on scientific experiment. Almost one hundred years has gone since the beginning of Chinese animal nutrition science from the 1920’s. This one hundred years development should be divided into three stages:the one stage from the 1920’s to 1949 is the foundation stage; the two stage from 1949 to the 1970’s is the tortuous development stage; the three stage from last years of 1970’s to today is the transition and flourishing development stage. During the first stage, our country was in internal and external troubles. Decay situation from the late Qing dynasty didn’t mending. The people’s livelihood was bad and the state economy was ruined because of natural disasters and frequent wars. Facing crisis the stockbreeding became more important and received more attention. Animal nutrition science is an important part in modern scientific stock keeping. The feeding model based on scientific experiment has better effect than that based on daily practising experiences. So the discipline was enrooted and developed in China. At that time scientific research institution and learned society organizations was subsumed in broad livestock field. But animal nutrition has been mentioned of so outstanding that the special department engaging studies on this aspect was established. This took great role in forming atmosphere of scientific animal breeding. And at the same time it layed a foundation for our Chinese animal nutrition science by providing material base and experience of reserch and manage. During the second stage Chinese animal nutrition science developed on a tortuous way under the whole political and economic background. In last years of 1970’s the spring of Chinese animal nutrition science was becoming, so the third stage with great development was beginning. After 1978 the animal nutrition discipline was set up formally and develop continuously. The professional society was established in 1980, and professional academic magazine started publication in 1989. Till then three signs of independent discipline were possessed. More than 30 years animal nutrition and feed science was generally used on breeding and feed industry. So the people’s dietary structure was improved obviously with the increasing of meat, eggs and milk.Influenced and impelled by many factors, Chinese animal nutrition science has procured hard-won achievement. At the same time it’s development influences people’s life in just about all aspects. With the developing of society and the change of idea, the requirment of people to animal nutrition science is increasing. That is a challenge and a opportunity for future development of animal nutrition science. Chinese animal nutrition science is experiencing tranformation from normal amount to micro amount, from static state to dynamic state, from whole to microstructure, from appearanc to core, from contrast of single factor to mutual working of poly-factor. It is the overall trend of animal nutrition science from analysis era to control era in the world including China today. But in future development Chinese animal nutrition science should go a characteristic way based on national conditions, by means of carrying on traditions, paying great attention on today, learning from foreign county. This also has worldwide significance!The hundred years developing history on Chinese animal nutrition science is the subject investigated in this paper. At first the foundation and background of developing was introduced. Subsequently, the paper researched on the anterior and the posterior half of the 20th century’s one hundred years throung related organizations, books and periodicals, talent team and scientific research of Chinese animal nutrition science. Then development motivation and social influence of the Chinese animal nutrition was analyzed. In the last chapter the paper summarized experience of the one hundred years developing and prospects for the future of Chinese animal nutrition.