Taxonomy And Phylogeny Of Trametes And Related Genera In China

Trametes is a cosmopolitan genus of wood-inhabiting fungi. It was set up in the early19th century, and was considered as one of the most complicated genera in the Polyporaceae. Morphologically, species of Coriolopsis, Earliella, Fomitella, Funalia, Hexagonia, Lenzites, Pycnoporus and Whitfordia are similar to Trametes. Phylogenetically, species of Lenzites, Pycnoporus and the type species of Coriolopsis (C. polyzona) nested in the Trametes clade, and C. polyzona was considered a synonym of Trametes; while all other species of Coriolopsis grouped outside the Trametes clade.Based on the present study on the Chinese Trametes and related genera,9species of Coriolopsis were recognized, including two Chinese new records (C. brunneoleuca and C. byrsina) and two undescribed species; Earliella and Whitfordia are monotypic genera, and discovered from tropical to subtropical China; two species of Fomitella were found in China:one is Fomitella fumosipora and it is a new Chinese new record, another species is an undescribed species; four species in Funalia including two undescribed species; three species of Hexagonia, Lenzites and Pycnoporus were found from China, respectively; Lenzites, Pycnoporus and Coriolopsis polyzona were considered synonyms of Trametes. Trametes modesta turned out to be a synonym of Daedalea modesta. Thirty-one described species and three undescribed Trametes taxa have been found in China so far.Phylogenetic analyses showed that most Trametes speces nested within the core polyporoid clade. Coriolopsis also grouped within the core polyporoid clade and was distinctly polyphyletic. Its type species Coriolopsis polyzona clusted in Trametes clade, but other six species in the genus were outside the Trametes clade:Coriolopsis glabro-regens, C. sanguinaria and Trametes africana formed a moderately supported clade closely related to Funalia; Coriolopsis aspera clustered with Hexagonia apiaria and H. hirta and formed a strongly supported clade; Coriolopsis byrsina and C. strumosa formed two independent leneages; C. brunneoleuca, C. retropicta, C. cf. caperata and one undiscribed species fromed a clade clustered with Megasporia major. C. hostmannii, C. taylorii, Trametes olivaceopora nested together and showed a closer relationship with Fomitella. Species of Lenzites and Pyconoporus clustered in Trametes clade, all four species of Pyconoporus formed a monophyletic lineage, while Lenzites is polyphyletic. Earliella and Whitfodia formed two monophyletic lineages and closely related to Fomes, Coriolopsis aspera, Hexagonia apiaria and H. hirta.Eleven clades were identified for species in Trametes. Clade I includes the type species, T. suaveolens, T. velutina, T. versicolor. T. subsuaveolens, T. ectypa, T. ochracea, T. thujae, T. funipericola, T. eonchifer, T. hirsuta, T. pubescens, T. tephroleuca, T. villosa and one undescribed species. Clade Ⅱ includes T. maxima. Clade Ⅲ includes T. ellipsospora, T. pocas. T. pavonia, Lenzites vespacea and one undescribed species. Clade IV includes T. gibbosa, T. betulina, T. dntmmondii and T. membranacea. Clade V includes T polyzona and T. scocotrnana. Clade VI includes T. elegans. Clade VII includes one undescribed species, Trametes sp2. Clade VIII includes T. lactinea, T. manilaensis, T. orientalis, T. cubescens and T. menziesii. Clade IX (Pycnoporus) includes T. cinnabarinea, T. sanguined, T. coccinea and T. punicea. Clade X includes T. Ijubarskyi, T. cingulata and T. mariuna. Clade XI includes T. acuta and Trametes warnieri.Based on type of rot, morphological and phylogenetic studies, it is readily to seperate Trametes and its related genera from Daedalea and Fomitopsis. Datronia separates from Trametes by its dimitic hyphal system. Trametes differs from other related genera by its white to pale buff context, but the color of the context is not a good character for differentiaion among these related genera. The dextrinoid reaction of skeletal-binding hyphae is an important character for indetification at species level. Although Pyconoporus has orange-red to cinnabar basidiocarps, but it is very closely related to Trametes, and considered a synonym of the latter. Lenzites has lamellate to daedaleoid hymenophore, but the configuration of hymenophore can not seperate Lenzites from Trametes. Among Trametes clade, morphological characters, such as the color, size, thickness of fruitbody, hairy or smooth pileal surface, substrata and distribution showed some consistency in different clades.