Study On The Resources And Taxonomy Of Wood-Decaying Fungi In Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve,Yunnan Province

Wood-decaying fungi mainly belong to Basidiomycota,Agaricomycetes :Auriculariales,Corticiales,Gloeophyllales,Hymenochaetales,Polyporales,Russulales,Corticiales,pellosporales,Trechisporales,Dacrymycetales,Tremellales etc.They were generally found in dead tree trunks,inverted wood,and artificial wood products.This group can secrete various biological enzymes degrading cellulose,hemicellulose and lignin in wood into simple inorganic substances.They play a pivotal role in forest ecosystem and are important members of ecosystem decomposing.However there is no denying that they can cause forest diseases,resulting in the loss of forestry production.Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve is located in the central part of Yunnan Province,China.The unique geographical and climatic environment have increased the richness of wood-decaying fungi.However,the resources,classification and molecular phylogeny study of wood-decaying fungi in here is still impoverished.Therefore,studying the resources,classification and molecular systematics of wood-decaying fungi in the reserve is of great significance,not only for the protection and exploitation of edible and medicinal fungi resources and the prevention and control of forest diseases,but also has its economic significance and application value.The results of this study were as follows:(1)The survey of diversity resources in Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve shows that this area have abundant resources.In this study,2454 specimens from different altitude,forest types and specific areas were colletcted.Among those specimans,89 species of white-rot fungus,4 species of brown-rot fungus,including 14 species of medical fungus were found.(2)Based on the observation of macroscopic and microscopic structure characteristics of the collected specimens,a total of 93 species of wood rot fungi were identified,which belong to 9 orders,24 families and 59 genera.Among them,64 species belong to Polyporales,accounting for 69% of the species studied,which is the dominant order;12 species belong to the Russulales;7 species belong to the Hymenochaetales;3 species belong to the Auriculariales;2 species respectively belong to Boletales and Trechisporales;3 species respectively belong to Cantharellales,Corticiales and Gloeophyllales.A detailed description and microscopic drawing of 93 identified species were done;and the host,distribution and rot types of each species were recorded in detail;the relationship of each species and its close species were discussed.(3)One new genus Rhomboria and 8 new species were found,which include Serpula dendrocalami,Rhomboria wuliangshanensis,Gloeodontia yunnanensis,Lyomyces bambusinus,L.cremeus,L.macrosporus,L.wuliangshanensis,Peniophorella fissurata.(4)The phylogenetic study results of 9 order and Russulales,Polyporales,Auriculariales based on ITS sequence were as follows.First,among the 9 orders,Polyporales clustered closely with Gloeophyllales;Hymenochaetales clustered closely with Trechisporales;Auriculariales clustered closely with Cantharellales.Second,The phylogenetic study results of Russulales have showed: there are 5 clades(Bondarzewiaceae、Hericiaceae、Lachnocladiaceae、Peniophoraceae、Stereaceae)in Russulales.among the 5 clades,Hericiaceae clade and Peniophoraceae clade clustered together.Third,the phylogenetic study results of Polyporales have showed:Phylogenetic relationship of Irpicaceae 、 Meruliaceae and Phanerochaetaceae was relatively close,Polyporaceae formed a independent branches,the phylogenetic relationship is separate obviously with other families.Fourth,the phylogenetic study results of Auriculariales have showed: the sequences of 3 species of Auriculariales in this study were clustered with other authoritative Auriculariales sequences,and the support rate is high.(5)In this study,8 new species were identified according to the phylogenetic analysis based on the of ITS + n LSU sequence and morphology analysis.Conclusions were as follows.First,the phylogenetic relationship of Serpula dendrocalami and S.similis is close,Serpula dendrocalami is one of the new species of Serpula.Second,Rhomboria wuliangshanensis belongs to Steccherinaceae,The phylogenetic relationship of Rhomboria wuliangshanensis,Nigroporus,Flabellophora and Trullella is comparatively close,but Rhomboria wuliangshanensis formed an independent branch,so it is a new genus.In the present study,the results proposed that due to the unique geographical position,Climatic conditions and vegetation types of Wuliangshan National Nature Reserve,the resources of wood-decaying fungi in the area are very rich.93 species were identified based on the morphological and molecular evidences,and the taxonomic status is clear.A smaller fungi herbarium,gene pool and the culture collection were built,which could give a basic references and materials for wood-decaying fungi study of Wuliangshan Nature Reserve in the future.