Phytosterol Dietary Effects On Antioxidant, And Gene Expression Related Muscle Growth In Broiler Chicken

Phytostrols are a group of naturally occurring plant compounds located in cell membranes. It is used as a dietary for lowering cholesterol intake.Administering phytosterols esterified with unsaturated fatty acids not only leads to a decrease in cholesterol and triglycerides but also has other cardiovascular advantages associated with their consumption. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological effects of phytosterol intake and cholesterol metabolism in broiler chicken.112One-day old Avian male Ross broiler chickens were randomly divided into seven groups:first group (control) fed on normal feed, second group was fed on polyhydroxy phytosterol (Castastesrone)(15,20and25g/kg) and the third group fed hydroxyphytosterol ((3-sitosterol)(25,50and75g/kg) for45days. Phytosterol did show a significant (P<0.05) effect on the feed efficiency and feed conversion ratio (FCR), however there was a body weight increase in phytosterol fed group which clearly corresponded with the diameter, area, and density of myofibers. We noted larger diameter fibers in Fast-growing chickens than slow-growing lines. There was a decrease in the blood cholesterol; low density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) d while high density lipoprotein (HDL) increased when broilers were fed on phytosterol. phytosterol supplementation has been associated with significant hypo-triglyceridemic effects along with concurrent the depressed antioxidant defense system modifications s in the broiler chicken. Moreover, the antioxidant capability of broilers was significantly (P<0.05) improved when fed with phytosterol supplemented diet with no effect on the broiler meat texture properties, area, density and fiber diameter. Myogen, eIF4E, and S6kl gene expression levels in tissues were significantly (P<0.01) improved by dietary phytosterol. mTOR gene expression levels in muscle tissues were increased significantly (P<0.01), but myostatin (GDF-8) and ubiquitin levels were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In conclusion, these results suggest that the immediate phytosterol feeding regimen to chicks is a good feeding program for the appropriate morphological development of the pectoralis major muscle and the expression of genes necessary for muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, our data suggested that the Unsaturated fatty acid phytosterol feed combination reduced the LDL plasma and increased the HDL-cholesterol concentrations and the HDL-cholesterol concentrations which were related to the applied dose. the developmental decline in skeletal muscle protein synthesis, partly attributed to developmental regulation of the activation of growth factor and nutrient responsible components. Consequently, a different amount of phytosterol in feed had no negative effect on broiler meat and produced more suitable meat for human health needs.