| To deal with resource and environmental issues from agricultural production, as a newmode for agriculture development, eco-agriculture was explored and established in developedcountries during later1970s. Due to severe resource shortage and environmental stress facingagriculture development in China, nowadays, both of the innovation of development pattern andthe improvement of growth are important and pressing task by researching and applyingeco-economics in agricultural production, so as to realizing harmonious co-existence betweenhuman being and nature. Therefore, effective eco-agriculture is the inevitable choice foragriculture advancement in China. Zhangye, which is located in the middle of Hexi corridor,Gansu province and geographically lies in the inland arid desert of northwest China, is importantcommodity grain base and significant maize seed breeding base not only in Gansu, butnationwide. Because of a long-term traditional agriculture development, however, theaggravating stress over resource and environment and complicating relationship among resource,environment and human being both badly affect the stability and sustainability of agriculturalproduction. Accordingly, based on Zhangye’s regional economy, its zone bit, eco-environmentand resource, effective eco-agriculture was put forward for further agriculture advance inZhangye.In this study, the foundation and condition, major difficulties, development strategy,eco-agriculture pattern, as well as system and mechanism innovation of Zhangye wererespectively researched and discussed, and the results are as follows:1. By means of literature material about eco-agriculture and sustainable agriculture homeand abroad, the connotation, characteristics and trend in development of effective eco-agriculturewere analyzed and the research progress, comprehensive evaluation research of sustainableagriculture development were introduced; Consequently, issues in eco-agriculture developmentof Zhangye was found and relevant research method and idea were suggested.2. Proceeding from Zhangye’s natural condition, its social and economic condition, thefoundation for eco-agriculture and issues in agriculture development of Zhangye were bothanalyzed. Conclusively, plentiful natural resource such as soil and water, favorable climate andaccelerated agricultural economy basically guarantee eco-agriculture in Zhangye. On the otherhand, unbalanced resource distribution, irrational agriculture industrial structure, lowercommodity rate of agro-product, and relatively weak sustainability in agriculture were alsoexisted.3. Based on analyzing Zhangye’s condition and it is eco-agricultural foundation, in termsof agricultural resource suitability in Zhangye, the idea and development pattern ofeco-agriculture for Zhangye’s sustainable development were proposed, including:（1） eco-integrity；（2）ecological chain links and conversion;（3）reduction manufacturing;（4）industry chain lateral extension;（5） industry chain vertical extension；（6） courtyardmicro-circulation.4. By means of agro-economic method, energy flow system analysis was applied to the5main kind of eco-agriculture pattern. By analysis, in the3“methane linked” system (maize forseed—sheltered cattle raising and well-off dwelling—methane—vegetables from greenhouse,swine—methane—grape from greenhouse, maize for seed—cattle raising forbeef—methane—maize/vegetable for seed), auxiliary energy input mainly comprises ofbio-energy such as straw, livestock excretion, biogas residue and biogas slurry, the ratio ofbio-energy to industry energy were respectively19.040、16.256and52.799; the ratio of energyoutput to input, as a result of extensive livestock breeding, lower feed conversion rate, andinsufficient utilization of methane, biogas residue and straw, which was relatively low, were0.745、0.750and0.383. Comparatively, the2kinds of effective planting patters(wheat--bisporus,inter/relay cropping of wheat/maize and soybean), their ratio of energy output to input were0.921and0.898respectively, both of which improve the grain production in Zhangye, enhancerecycling residue utilization, thereby, performing ecological and economic benefits.5. The idea that the correspondent agro-technique advance mechanism shall be establishedand consolidated to fulfill sustainable agriculture development in Zhangye was suggested; Inaccordance with agriculture development foundation in Zhangye, it is pointed out that there issubject diversity in agro-technique progress of Zhangye, each subject plays a roll in advancingagro-technique and promoting agriculture development in Zhangye. Meanwhile, differentmotivation and instinctive conflict of interests shall be given consideration, which could not becoordinated and solved appropriately and properly, sustainable agriculture development inZhangye would be affected and restricted. With the help of macro-policy adjustment andfinancial aiding, the local municipal government may impel the subjects’ cooperation andcoordination, in order to advance effective eco-agriculture technique.6. The establishment of policy for Zhangye’s effective eco-agriculture development. Itshall give importance to policy safeguarding in Zhangye’s sustainable agriculture development.System innovation must be carried out in organization and management, ideological conceptionand marketing system to ensure the sustainable development of effective agriculture in Zhangye.7. Farmer participation mechanism must be established to develop effective eco-agriculturein Zhangye. To establish Farmer participation mechanism requires farmers to be authorizedrights for using agro-resource, so that they can dispose of resource and distribute operatingresults; for a common view of sustainable agriculture development of in Zhangye, a mutualcoordination among farmers and between farmers and other social groupings, shall be came into being in the front of rules, which not only mobilize farmers initiative to sustainable development,but even guarantee farmers to benefit constantly from Zhangye’s agriculture development morefairly. |
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