The Early Juglans Mandshurica Maxim. Excellent Provenance And Pedigree Selection And Seedling Environmental Factors Impact Assessment

As the ecological environment worsening, forestry, the main body of ecological construction and important component in sustainable development, has recevied unprecedented attention, selecting and breeding of native tree species is particularly urgent and important. Manchurian Walnut (Juglans mandshurica maxim.), with great economical value, is an important native tree species in northeasten China, thus, the selection of better provenance and family of walnut have fundamental significance in accelerating the ecological environment construction and providing high quality timber in great demends.13naturely distributed provenances were collected in september2010, then, in may2011, sowing experiment was setted up at two locations, Hushui Linkou and Yuanbaoshan Xinlong in Heilongjiang Province, and seedling growth were measured to made primary selection of provenance after1year; based on the preliminary selected6superior provenances, families were gathered in september2011, and finaly there were113families from12provenances(including the information of60mother trees of candicated families). Family selection experiment for walnut were began in may2012at Hushui Linkou, seeds, seedling time of different provenances, candicate mother trees, candicate family offspring, seedling time and environment factors were evaluated and analysised. The results were showed as following.1) There were significant difference among the13provenances of walnut in1000-grain weight, seed length and seed diameter. Dongjingcheng provenance were the best in terms of the above-mentioned three indices; the seeds of Fusong provenance had the widest diameter, relative longer seed length, and this provenance had the weightest1000-grain weight except for Dongjigncheng provenance; Fengcheng provenance were the smallest in seed diameter and length, and its1000-grain weight was just sightly higher than Meixi provenance; Meixi peovenance had the lightest1000-grain weight, indicating its poor plumpness. The corelation coefficent between seed length and seedling height were similar between the two experiment locations, demonstrating that this relationships was quite stable, and might be used as indicator of walnut seedling height growth.2) According to analysis of the1a seedling growth, at Hushui Linkou site, Huinan and Suiyang provenances were the best, followed by Helong and Maoershan provenances. However, at Yuanbaoshan Xinglong site, Fusong provenance were the best, followed by Suiyang, Helong, and Xinglong provenances. Seedling height and base diameter of Fusong provenance were21%and22%than the average level of13provenances, respectively.3) Productivity per area were deployed to evaluated candicated mother trees, and there were15families that had higher productivity than1, including XL2、XL5、XL6、XL7、 SY1、SY8、MS6、FS3、FS5、FS8、FS9、FS10、HN6、HL6、HL8.4) Among60candicated families,10superior families were selected using breeding value remarks and character level methods, accounting for16.7%of all candicated families. They were XL6、SY10、FS7、FS9、FS10、HN1、HN2、HN3、HN4、HL10, and the offspring of HL10family were39.34%higher than average, and its character level value of seedling height and base diameter were75and67, respectively. According to independent culling level method,4superior families among53additional candicate families were selected, accounting for7.5%of all candicate families. They were DC12、XB1、XB4、FC8, and the offspring of the four superior families were11.18%higher than average level in terms of seedling height and base diameter.5) Corelation analysis were conducted to detected the relationships among1a seedling growth and main environmental factors of the13provenances sites and the two experiment localations and regression analysis was also carried out to examine the relationships between annual mean temperate and the difference in seedling height and latitude in2consecutive years. Results indicating that1a seedling height of walnut and latitude had somewhat negtive corelations with annual mean temperature, suggesting walnut provenance could be thansplanted northward.