| "Dongnongdongmai 1" is the only safe wintering of winter wheat varieties in Heilongjiang province with reviving rate above 85%. But it vulnerable to extreme weather in production, resulting in a reduced ability to withstand the cold. To explore effective ways and methods to solve these problems, this study use winter wheat "Dongnongdongmai 1" as the material, investigate the effect of seed dressing to improve its cold hardiness. By indoor simulation and measuring cold indicators, I screened the most appropriate concentration of seed dressing ingredients humic acid, amino acids, abscisic acid, zinc sulfate. By measuring the physical properties of film-forming agent, I found the appropriate concentration. I did experiment with orthogonal experimental design both indoor and outside. I measured the period of winter wheat tillering node wintering antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants, osmotic adjustment, endogenous hormones, growth state seedlings, reviving rate, the number of tillering node, grain number, grain weight and effective panicles in the following year, and compared with chemical seed coating agent "Mai Po ’. Membership function was used as a comprehensive evaluation for improve the ratio of BZJ and cold hardiness of winter wheat.1. the greater comprehensive evaluation value of membership function represent more vigorous growth. The three optimum concentrations of humic are 1.0mg/10ml、2.0 mg/10ml、4.0mg/10ml; The three optimum concentrations of Amino acids are 0.175 mg/10 ml 、0.35mg/10 ml 、 0.7 mg /10ml; The three optimum concentrations of abscisic acid are 0.24μg/10 ml 、0.48μg/10ml、0.96μg/10ml;The three optimum concentrations of Zinc sulfate 0.02mg/10ml、0.04mg/10ml、0.08mg/10 ml.2. Dry speed, film-forming, water soluble, adhesion, loss rate and the uniformity were used to evaluate the efficiency. Film former with 6g/L is the best concentration.3. According to the method of membership function I calculate the relationship between dressing agent and cold tolerance. Then I calculate the average membership at different low temperature stress. The comprehensive evaluation value represents its cold resistance strength,which shows in the following order: BZJ-3>BZJ-4>BZJ-6>BZJ-2>BZJ-8>CK-1>BZJ-9>BZJ-1>BZJ-5>BZJ-7> CK-0. Optimal compositions are BZJ-1(0.025 mg / L abscisic acid, 20 mg / L amino acids, 200 mg / L humic acid, 4.0 mg / L zinc sulfate) and BZJ-2(0.1mg / L abscisic acid, 20 mg / L amino acids, 100 mg / L humic acid, 8.0 mg / L zinc sulfate). Indicators of cold winter wheat leaves factor analysis showed that the main component before the first four principal components of winter wheat factor eigenvalues in low-temperature and 54 h after lowtemperature decline, after that the change is very gentle. Physiological and biochemical analysis shows that the former four main factors cumulative variance at 54 h after cryogenic cold resistance contribution rate has reached 93.132%. which can reflect the most information on original parameter of 11 Cold indicators. By using Warimaxrotaion methods, I found that the major factors on factor 1 are chlorophyll a + b, chlorophyll a, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll b, respiratory rate and chlorophyll a / b. On factor 2 are starch, sucrose, relative conductivity. On factor 3 is relative conductivity. On factor 4 is stomatal conductance. The study showed that cold hardiness of winter wheat is a multi-factor complex traits that associated with photosynthetic systems, osmotic regulation and cell membrane permeability. Common factor correlation matrices showed that the correlation coefficients between factor 1 and factor 3, factor 1 and factor 4, factor 3 and factor 4 are large, indicating that among these factors have greater indirect effects.4. Field experiments were conducted at the Northeast Agricultural University experimental base. we measured the antioxidant enzymes, antioxidants, osmotic regulation substances, endogenous hormone in the tillering node. Through the membership function of fuzzy mathematics method, I found the impact of the ratio of seed dressing reagents on the cold resistance in the following order: BZJ-3>BZJ-4>BZJ-6>BZJ-2>BZJ-8>CK-1>BZJ-9>BZJ-1>BZJ-5>BZJ-7> CK-0. Optimal compositions are BZJ-3(0.025 mg / L abscisic acid, 40 mg / L amino acids, 400 mg / L humic acid, 8.0 mg / L zinc sulfate) and BZJ-4(0.05 mg / L abscisic acid, 10 mg / L amino acids, 200 mg / L humic acid, 8.0 mg / L zinc sulfate). Cold tolerance factor analysis in the winter wheat tillering node showed that the low temperature-25 ℃ can sharp decline the first six principal components factors, after that the change become very gentle. The first six cumulative variances contribution reached 90.136%, indicating that the information they contain reflect the most of information of 18 cold indicators. By using Warimaxrotaion method, I get the rotated load factor matrix. Chlorophyll a + b, chlorophyll a, photosynthetic rate, chlorophyll b, respiratory rate and chlorophyll a / b plays a major role on factor 1; starch, sucrose, relative conductivity; pair factor 3 plays a major role on factor 2; the relative conductivity plays a major role on factor 3; the stomatal conductance plays a major role on factor 4. The above analysis shows: cold resistance has relationship with winter wheat photosynthetic systems, osmotic regulation and cell membrane permeability, which is a complex trait affected by multiple factors working together. Each proportion of seed dressing agents were significantly increased the winter wheat reviving rate in the next year and the number and size of tillering node. the reviving rate follows the order: BZJ-3 > CK-1 > BZJ-4 > BZJ-8 > BZJ-6 > BZJ-9=BZJ-1 > BZJ-2 > BZJ-5> BZJ-7> CK-0; the number of tillering nodes follows the order: BZJ-3>CK-1>BZJ-4>BZJ-6>BZJ-1>BZJ-8>BZJ-2=BZJ-9> BZJ-5> BZJ-7> CK-0. Grain weight follows the order: BZJ-2>BZJ-8>BZJ-1>BZJ-3>BZJ-4>BZJ-6>BZJ-5>CK-0> BZJ-7>BZJ-9.5. Wheat Leaves cold resistance correlation analysis shows that comprehensive evaluation index and reviving rate in the following year is not relevant(but associated with the production). Photosynthesis indexes and comprehensive evaluation index, chlorophyll and photosynthesis indicators, sucrose and starch in leaves have some relevance; Winter wheat tillering node cold resistance correlation analysis shows that comprehensive evaluation index and the following year, reviving rate, tillering section IAA, IAA / ZR values and the reviving rate, proline, IAA, ZR, IAA / ZR and comprehensive evaluation index values have some relevance. |
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